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Table 4 Random and within-person effect estimates of built and socioeconomic environment characteristics on MVPA between adolescence (Wave I, 1994-95) and young adulthood (Wave III, 2001-02)1

From: Residential self-selection bias in the estimation of built environment effects on physical activity between adolescence and young adulthood

 

Random Effects

Within-person Effects

 

Elasticity

95% CI

Elasticity

95% CI

Landscape diversity

-0.008

(-0.024, 0.008)

-0.018

(-0.037, 0.001)

Pay facility availability (count/10,000 population)

    

Males

0.014

(0.000, 0.029)

0.024*

(0.006, 0.042)

Females

-0.0122

(-0.027, 0.004)

-0.0162

(-0.035, 0.004)

Public facility availability (count/10,000 population)

0.008

(-0.016, 0.032)

0.002

(-0.025, 0.030)

Alpha Index

-0.015

(-0.088, 0.058)

-0.002

(-0.097, 0.092)

Median household income (U.S. dollars)

    

Males

-0.019

(-0.048, 0.010)

0.022

(-0.016, 0.060)

Females

0.0142

(-0.016, 0.044)

-0.039

(-0.077, 0.000)

Crime (per 100,000 population)

    

Males

-0.056*

(-0.083, -0.029)

-0.107*

(-0.140, -0.075)

Females

-0.061*

(-0.090, -0.033)

-0.0462

(-0.083, -0.009)

  1. 1 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (United States; n = 12,701). Estimated from Poisson random and fixed effects regression modeling MVPA as a function of six natural log-transformed built and socioeconomic environment measures. Fixed effects models adjusted for time varying age and do not estimate parameters for time invariant individual-level variables; random effects models additionally adjusted for time invariant sex, race, parental income and education, and region.
  2. 2Statistically significant (p < 0.1) interaction with sex; sex interactions were included if significant in either random or fixed effects models.
  3. *Statistically significant elasticity (2-sided p < 0.05)
  4. CI, Confidence Interval; MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity (bouts per week); U.S., United States