| Random Effects | Within-person Effects | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Elasticity | 95% CI | Elasticity | 95% CI |
Landscape diversity | -0.008 | (-0.024, 0.008) | -0.018 | (-0.037, 0.001) |
Pay facility availability (count/10,000 population) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Males | 0.014 | (0.000, 0.029) | 0.024* | (0.006, 0.042) |
Females | -0.0122 | (-0.027, 0.004) | -0.0162 | (-0.035, 0.004) |
Public facility availability (count/10,000 population) | 0.008 | (-0.016, 0.032) | 0.002 | (-0.025, 0.030) |
Alpha Index | -0.015 | (-0.088, 0.058) | -0.002 | (-0.097, 0.092) |
Median household income (U.S. dollars) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Males | -0.019 | (-0.048, 0.010) | 0.022 | (-0.016, 0.060) |
Females | 0.0142 | (-0.016, 0.044) | -0.039 | (-0.077, 0.000) |
Crime (per 100,000 population) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Males | -0.056* | (-0.083, -0.029) | -0.107* | (-0.140, -0.075) |
Females | -0.061* | (-0.090, -0.033) | -0.0462 | (-0.083, -0.009) |