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Additions
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Distance to doctor/clinical service a
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Relevant to older adults (health issues)
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Distance to Chinese coffee/tea or noodle shop a
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To distinguish Chinese-style from Western cafés; differences in affordability and food
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Distance to Chinese non-fast food restaurant a
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To distinguish Chinese-style from Western restaurants; differences in affordability and food
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Distance to community or elderly centre a
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Relevant to older adults (place for socializing)
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Distance to places of worship (church, temple) a
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Relevant to older adults (common practice)
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Distance to public toilet a
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Relevant to older adults (incontinence)
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Distance to bakery/cake shop a
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Common food outlet in Hong Kong
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Distance to betting branch a
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Popular activity among Hong Kong residents
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Shopping areas are easily accessible via public transport a
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The public transport network in Hong Kong is very developed. This facilitates access to services outside the neighborhood.
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The streets are so crowded that it is difficult to walk a
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Characteristic of many urban areas of Hong Kong
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Need to walk over a bridge or through a tunnel to access the nearest services a
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Common feature of Hong Kong.
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Can easily access the entrance/exit of the building I live in (e.g., there is a lift that I can use) a
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Lack of lifts in high-rise buildings poses accessibility problems to older adults
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There are 'hawkers' and shops on the streets and sidewalks blocking the way a.
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Common obstacle on Hong Kong streets.
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There are many covered sidewalks in my neighborhood. a
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Common feature of Hong Kong. Facilitates walking in wet or hot weather conditions.
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There are indoor, air-conditioned places (shopping malls) where people can walk a
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Common feature of Hong Kong. Facilitates walking in wet or hot weather conditions.
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The streets of my neighborhood are often slippery. a
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Hazard on steep road sections, common in Hong Kong.
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There are sitting facilities (e.g., benches) where I can rest in my neighborhood a
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Important feature for older adults
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The level of air pollution in my neighborhood is often high a
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Air pollution, especially road-side pollution levels, can be very high.
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There are lots of animal droppings making walking unpleasant a.
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Some areas of Hong Kong have high rates of dog ownership. This creates some street hygiene problems, especially unpleasant in warmer weather.
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It is unsafe to walk in my neighborhood because of objects dropping from high-rise buildings a
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A common problem in some areas of Hong Kong.
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There are parked vehicles that block my vision and make it difficult to safely cross the road a
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Common problem in older adults, less capable of quickly reacting to traffic conditions
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I am afraid to cross the road because there are too many passing cars a
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Common problem in older adults, less capable of quickly reacting to the traffic conditions
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There are many homeless people, drug addicts and/or prostitutes in my neighborhood a
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Signs of social disorder are more common than actual crime, which is very low in Hong Kong.
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It would be difficult to ask for help in my neighborhood because there are not many people around a
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Important issue for older fragile adults.
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Modifications
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Two items measuring commonness of detached single-family residences and townhouses or row hoses of 1-3 stories merged into a single item a
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Uncommon type of housing in Hong Kong urban areas
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Item measuring commonness of apartments of more than 13 stories changed to 'apartments of 13-20' stories. Additional item referring to commonness of apartment buildings with more than 20 stories added a
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A large percentage of residential buildings have more than 20 stories.
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Destination 'fruit/vegetable market' renamed 'fresh food market' a
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Markets usually sell vegetables, fruit as well as fresh meat and seafood
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Destination 'other schools' changed to 'nursery schools' a
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It is common for Hong Kong older adults to drop and pick up their grandchildren
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Destinations 'fast-food restaurant' renamed 'Chained Western or Chinese fast-food restaurant' a
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Clarify type of destination to respondents. Western and Chinese fast-food restaurants sell similarly priced products
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Destination 'non-fast food restaurant' changed to 'Western/international non-fast food restaurant' a
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To distinguish Chinese-style from Western restaurants; differences in affordability and food
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Destination 'recreation centre' changed to 'swimming pool' a
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Swimming is a very popular recreational activity among Hong Kong older adults
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Destination 'clothing store' changed to 'clothing & shoe store' a
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Linguistically more appropriate
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Item 'Parking is difficult in local shopping areas' omitted b
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Not relevant because they do not drive nor own a car
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Destination 'your job or school' b
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Not relevant as they are retired
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'Sidewalks are separated from the road/traffic by parked cars' changed to 'there are motor vehicles parked on the sidewalks making it difficult to walk' b
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Cannot understand the purpose of the original item. Parked cars relevant features only if perceived as an obstacle to walking.
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'There is a grass/dirt strip that separates the streets from the sidewalks' changed to 'there is a fence that separates the streets from the sidewalks' a
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Grass/dirt strips a very uncommon in Hong Kong. Metal fences are used to separate sidewalks from roads.
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'Walkers and bikers on the streets can be easily seen by people in their homes' changed to 'walkers on the streets can be easily seen by other people' a
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Bikers are rare n Hong Kong. Most residences are in high-rise buildings making it difficult to see walkers on the streets. There are usually other people on the streets.
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