|
Baseline
|
12 months
|
Changes
| | |
---|
|
Unadjusted mean (SD)
|
Unadjusted mean (SD)
|
Unadjusted mean
|
Adjusted mean
|
p-value *
|
p-value †
|
---|
Physical functioning
| | | | | |
< 0.001
|
Control
|
86.8 (11.7)
|
84.5 (15.5)
|
-2.3
|
-2.6
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
86.2 (11.0)
|
88.1 (15.9)
|
1.9
|
1.2
|
0.03
| |
Exercise
|
87.8 (11.1)
|
87.6 (15.0)
|
-0.2
|
-0.1
|
0.17
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
86.7 (12.1)
|
92.4 (11.3)
|
5.7
|
5.5
|
< 0.001 b
| |
Role-physical
| | | | | |
< 0.001
|
Control
|
81.6 (30.1)
|
78.7 (32.0)
|
-2.9
|
-3.7
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
83.5 (26.8)
|
82.8 (30.4)
|
-0.7
|
-0.3
|
0.36
| |
Exercise
|
82.8 (29.3)
|
78.7 (32.7)
|
-4.1
|
-4.1
|
0.93
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
83.5 (25.9)
|
92.5 (18.9)
|
9.0
|
9.6
|
< 0.001 b
| |
Bodily pain
| | | | | |
0.12
|
Control
|
75.8 (17.2)
|
72.6 (18.2)
|
-3.2
|
-4.6
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
76.9 (15.1)
|
76.8 (21.2)
|
-0.1
|
-1.1
|
0.15
| |
Exercise
|
77.8 (16.5)
|
74.5 (20.7)
|
-3.3
|
-3.8
|
0.74
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
78.8 (16.8)
|
79.1 (17.5)
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.04
| |
General health
| | | | | |
0.57
|
Control
|
57.1 (8.0)
|
56.4 (7.1)
|
-0.7
|
-0.5
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
55.9 (7.7)
|
56.9 (7.3)
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
0.24
| |
Exercise
|
56.9 (6.7)
|
56.4 (7.3)
|
-0.5
|
-0.5
|
0.97
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
57.6 (6.4)
|
56.9 (7.3)
|
-0.7
|
-0.3
|
0.81
| |
Vitality
| | | | | |
< 0.001
|
Control
|
57.4 (16.0)
|
59.2 (17.9)
|
1.8
|
0.4
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
56.6 (17.7)
|
65.7 (17.2)
|
9.1
|
7.2
|
< 0.001
| |
Exercise
|
60.3 (16.3)
|
62.9 (17.6)
|
2.6
|
2.8
|
0.25
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
58.7 (18.6)
|
70.2 (17.2)
|
11.5
|
11.2
|
< 0.001 a
| |
Social functioning
| | | | | |
0.43
|
Control
|
87.8 (18.0)
|
86.9 (17.5)
|
-0.9
|
-2.5
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
88.1 (17.1)
|
87.2 (18.6)
|
-0.9
|
-3.1
|
0.83
| |
Exercise
|
91.4 (13.1)
|
88.5 (18.9)
|
-2.9
|
-4.0
|
0.58
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
90.8 (13.4)
|
91.6 (17.0)
|
0.8
|
-0.2
|
0.37
| |
Role-emotional
| | | | | |
0.09
|
Control
|
84.1 (26.9)
|
83.3 (31.8)
|
-0.8
|
-3.3
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
82.2 (28.5)
|
85.6 (27.4)
|
3.4
|
-0.8
|
0.51
| |
Exercise
|
87.5 (25.5)
|
81.4 (32.5)
|
-6.1
|
-6.2
|
0.45
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
88.6 (20.1)
|
90.3 (22.8)
|
1.7
|
2.5
|
0.13
| |
Mental health
| | | | | |
0.06
|
Control
|
77.1 (13.5)
|
77.3 (14.5)
|
0.2
|
-0.8
|
Ref
| |
Diet
|
76.8 (13.1)
|
80.2 (13.0)
|
3.4
|
2.2
|
0.05
| |
Exercise
|
81.1 (10.0)
|
81.2 (11.7)
|
0.1
|
0.9
|
0.29
| |
Diet + Exercise
|
79.1 (12.3)
|
82.3 (12.6)
|
3.2
|
3.1
|
0.01
| |
- Adjusted mean change indicates adjustment for the baseline health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores and covariates
- *p-value comparing 12-month changes in HRQOL vs. control adjusting for the baseline scores and covariates (Physical functioning: baseline BMI, medication use, Role-physical: age, baseline BMI, Bodily pain: medication use, Vitality: age, medication use, Social functioning: employment status, Role-emotional: medication use, Mental health: medication use)
- †p-value for group effects on 12-month changes in HRQOL adjusting for baseline scores and covariates (Physical functioning: baseline BMI, medication use, Role-physical: age, baseline BMI, Bodily pain: medication use, Vitality: age, medication use, Social functioning: employment status, Role-emotional: medication use, Mental health: medication use)
- ap-value< 0.05 vs. diet group, bp-value< 0.01 vs. diet group