Table 7 Logistic regression analysis of socio-demographic factors associated with skipping breakfast among Pakistani primary school children (n = 1860)

Gender

   Boys

Ref.

Ref.

   Girls

1.64 (1.16-2.33)^‡

1.50 (1.04-2.16)*

Area and socioeconomic status (SES)

   Urban, high SES

5.96 (3.24-10.94)^†

2.34 (0.86-6.36)

   Urban, middle SES

2.06 (1.05-4.06)*

1.02 (0.37-2.79)

   Urban, low SES

2.74 (1.43-5.27)^‡

1.68 (0.70-4.01)

   Rural, low/disadvantaged SES

Ref.

Ref.

Neighborhood income

   Low

Ref.

Ref.

   Middle

2.68 (1.65-4.35)^†

1.64 (0.88-3.05)

   High

4.54 (2.65-7.78)^†

1.94 (0.93-4.07)

Parental education

   Illiterate

Ref.

Ref.

   High school

1.44 (0.73-2.86)

0.95 (0.43-2.13)

   College

3.07 (1.65-5.72)^†

1.33 (0.56-3.15)

   Higher education

3.18 (1.70-5.96)^†

1.27 (0.52-3.08)

Number of siblings

   No

1.60 (0.37-6.98)

0.85 (1.89-3.85)

   1-3

2.06 (1.42-3.01)^†

1.33 (0.87-2.03)

   > 3

Ref.

Ref.