Table 9 Socio-demographic correlates of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle independently associated with higher BMI and overweight among Pakistani primary school children

Gender

   Boys

977 (52.5)

538 (55.1)

3.14

0.077

512 (52.4)

10.29

0.001

   Girls

883 (47.5)

450 (51.0)

397 (45.0)

Area and socioeconomic status (SES)

   Urban, high SES

465 (25.0)

224 (48.2)

36.39

< 0.001

280 (60.2)

60.32

< 0.001

   Urban, middle SES

465 (25.0)

229 (49.2)

229 (49.2)

   Urban, low SES

465 (25.0)

232 (49.9)

237 (51.0)

   Rural, low/disadvantaged SES

465 (25.0)

303 (65.2)

163 (35.1)

Neighborhood income

   Low

651 (35.0)

374 (57.5)

8.16

0.017

248 (38.1)

50.83

< 0.001

   Middle

910 (48.9)

468 (51.4)

482 (53.0)

   High

299 (16.1)

146 (48.8)

179 (59.9)

Parental education

   Illiterate

366 (19.7)

212 (57.9)

7.30

0.063

133 (36.3)

62.12

< 0.001

   High school

496 (26.7)

273 (55.0)

205 (41.3)

   College

531 (28.5)

264 (49.7)

305 (57.4)

   Higher education

467 (25.1)

239 (51.2)

266 (57.0)

Parental working status

   Father only

1465 (78.8)

785 (53.6)

0.60

0.439

732 (50.0)

3.31

0.069

   Both parents

395 (21.2)

203 (51.4)

177 (44.8)

Number of siblings

   No

26 (1.4)

15 (57.7)

0.23

0.893

17 (65.4)

46.99

< 0.001

   1-3

1008 (54.2)

534 (53.0)

561 (55.7)

   > 3

826 (44.4)

439 (53.1)

331 (40.1)

Number of persons in child's living room

   No

116 (6.2)

51 (44.0)

4.24

0.120

73 (62.9)

16.96

< 0.001

   1-3

791 (42.5)

422 (53.4)

407 (51.5)

   > 3

953 (51.2)

515 (54.0)

429 (45.0)