Table 3 Characteristics of participants
From: Recruiting participants to walking intervention studies: a systematic review
Study Number, Author and Pub. Year | Mean age, SD or Range | Gender (%Female) | Ethnicity | SES/Income | Education | Quality Metric Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
l. Watson et al, 2005 | 29.4 | 100 | NS (20% Not Australian born) | 96% married, 80% Australian born. Competent at filling in a questionnaire in English | 39.2% third level education | 5 |
2. Banks-Wallace et al, 2004 | 18+ | 100 | African American | NS | NS | 4 |
3. Kolt et al, 2006 | 74 (SD 6) | 66 | NS | Urban, Patients from three GP lists. Phone lines at home. | NS | 4 |
4. Nguyen et al, 2002 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 4 |
5. Prestwich et al, 2010 | 23.44 | 64 | NS | Students | Undergraduate | 4 |
6. Rowland et al, 2004 | 74 (SD 6.2) | 69 | White (Non-Hispanic) 89% | Income > 35 K US 26%, Married, 57.5%. | Edu. > High school diploma 45% | 4 |
7. Sherman et al, 2006 | 42.5 (Range 22-64) | 100 | Caucasian | Rural, 42% Medicare, 43% private insurance, 15% self pay or unknown insurance details, mean BMI 30.6 (78% overweight or obese), 90% with one or more risk factors for CV disease, | NS | 4 |
8. Wilbur et al, 2006 | 48.6 (Range 40-65) | 100 | African American | Urban, 60% unmarried, 88% mothers (2.1 children ave.), 70% full time employed, 61% earning > $30 K annually, 57% reporting no 'hardhsips'. | 87% some or full third level education | 4 |
9. Baker et al, 2008b | 49 (SD 9) | 78 | NS | NS | NS | 3 |
10. Brownson et al 2005 | 18+ | 79.7 | 95% white | 31.3% 35 K+ pa | 45% some or full third level Edu. | 3 |
11. Cox et al, 2008 | 55 (Range 50-70) | 100 | NS | Urban, English Speakers, married (76%), employed (56.5%), children (2.83). Non-smokers. | Educated (13 years ave.) | 3 |
12. Dinger et al, 2007 | 41.5 years (Range 25-54 years) | 100 | 86% White | Urban, BMI > 30 (57%), access to email | 68% 3rd Level Edu. | 3 |
13. Dubbert et al, 2002 | 68.7 yrs (60-80 range) | 1 (99% Male) | 28% Non-white | 56.4% rural, 79.6% married/cohabiting, 12.7% tobacco users, 8.8% in financial hardship, 7.4 hrs per week employment, 20% used alcohol, 3.8 co-morbid medical conditions. | 51.9% high school or more | 3 |
14. Dubbert et al, 2008 | Mean 72 (Range 60 to 85 years) | 0 (100% Male) | 14% African-American, 86% White | Urban | Majority high school Educated | 3 |
15. Gilson et al, 2008 | 41.4 (SD 10.4) | 91% | NS | All employees at a University | NS | 3 |
16. Jancey et al, 2008 | 69 (65-74) | 67 | NS | 67% Australian born, Urban ('Metropolitan Perth'), 66% had a partner | NS | 3 |
17. Lamb et al, 2002 | 50.8 (Range 40-70) | 52 | NS | NS | NS | 3 |
18. Lee et al, 1997 | 36.5 (Range 23-54) | 100 | Latino, African-American, Asian, Pacific Islanders, other (ns) | "Middle class, well educated, English speaking" | "Well educated" | 3 |
19. Matthews et al, 2007 | 53 | 100 | 84% White. 16% African-American/Other | NS | NS | 3 |
20. Merom et al, 2007 | 49.1 (Range 30-65) | 85 | NS | Rural and Urban, 74% married, 92.9 English speakers (primarily), 57.7 employed, 72.2% BMI > 25, 90% non-smokers, 81% self rated health good or more. | 45.5% university degree | 3 |
21. Ornes and Ransdell, 2007 | 20 (SD 2.6) | 100 | "Mostly Caucasian volunteers" | Students | Undergraduate | 3 |
22. Richardson et al, 2007 | 52 (SD 10.5) | 65 | 76% white, 13% black, 10% other | 64% high income > $70,000 | NS | 3 |
23. Rosenberg et al, 2009 | 83 (Range 74-92) | 50% | NS | NS | NS | 3 |
24. Whitt-Glover et al, 2008 | 52 (Range 20-83) | 89 | Black Americans | Urban, average BMI 34.7, married (49%), 85% had at least one chronic health condition. | 96% high school education or higher | 3 |
25. Arbour & Ginis, 2009 | 48.7 (SD 9.61) | 100 | 90% White | 90% Employed | 86% Some or full 3rd Level edu. | 2 |
26. Culos-Reed et al, 2008 | 66 (Range 46-83) | 81 | 96% White | 76% retired, 70% higher education, urban | NS | 2 |
27. Currie and Develin, 2001 | NS | 100 | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
28. Darker et al, 2010 | 40.6 (Range 16-65) | 71 | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
29. De Cocker et al 2007 | 48.7 (Range 25-75) | 52.8 | NS | Urban, 68.1% employed, 63.7% reporting good or better than good health | 60% with third level degrees | 2 |
30. Dinger et al, 2005 | 41.7 (SD 6.8) (Range 25-54) | 100 | 89% White | Employees or spouses of university employees, Overweight or obese (77.7%), not FT students, not pregnant | University degree (69%) | 2 |
31. Engel and Lindner, 2006 | 62 | 46 | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
32. Foreman et al, 2001 | NS | Male and Female | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
33. Humpel et al, 2004 | 60 (SD 11) | 57% | NS | NS | 46.9% < 12 yrs edu., 32.1% had a trade edu., 21% Uni. | 2 |
34. Nies et al, 2006 | 45 (Range 35-60) | 100 | European-American and African-American | 41% > 50 K (US) household income, 49% married, 33% southern American | 74% college edu. or higher | 2 |
35. Purath et al, 2004 | 43.9 | 100 | 81.5% White | 100% employed at a university (62% in admin/professional), 92% non-smokers, BMI 30.5, 68% married | 14.25 years edu. (mean) | 2 |
36. Shaw et al, 2007 | 40 | 99 | NS | Employed in an urban workplace | NS | 2 |
37. Sidman et al, 2004 | 43.2 | 100 | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
38. Thomas and Williams, 2006 | 18-50+ | 75.5 | NS | Employed, Both Urban and Rural locations. 'wide variety of professions, ages, incomes, education standards and levels of health and fitness not considered, disadvantaged in terms of the social determinants of health' 'almost all could be described as sedentary' | NS | 2 |
39. Tudor-Locke et al, 2002 | 53 (SD 6) | 66 | NS | NS | NS | 2 |
40. Baker et al, 2008a | 40 (SD 8.6) | 86 | NS | NS | NS | 1 |
41. Hultquist et al, 2005 | 45 (SD 6 yrs) | 100 | 3 non-white among completers | NS | NS | 1 |
42. Lomabrd et al, 1995 | 40 (SD 9) | 98 | NS | University staff | NS | 1 |
43. DNSWH, 2002 | (Range 25-65) | NS | NS | Suburban | NS | 1 |
44. Rovniak, 2005 | Men (Range 20-44) Women (Range 20-54) | 93.5 | NS | Urban, at least access to email, sedentary, no more than one health risk factor, BMI < 39.9, no metabolic, pulmonary or CV disease, no bone joint or foot problems, not pregnant. | NS | 1 |
45. Rowley et al, 2007 | Children 0-4 Adults not reported | 100 (Adults) Children not reported | 'There were no children or babies from ethnic minority groups'. | Affluent' | NS | 1 |
46. Talbot et al, 2003 | 69 (SD 6) | 76 | 17% Non-White | 60% > $30 K pa | NS | 1 |
47. Wyatt et al, 2004 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1 |