Table 1 Descriptive and scale information of child characteristics and parenting practices (N = 2021)
Category | Â | Concept | Item(s) | Answering scalea | Reliabilityb | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child characteristics | Diet | Eating style | Hungry | Compared to peers, my child is always hungry. | A | - | 2.65 (0.85) |
| Â | Â | Â | Picky (CFQ) | - My child's diet conists of only a few foods. - My child is unwilling to eat many of the foods I serve. - My child is picky or fussy about what (s)he eats. | A | 0.74 | 2.27 (1.05) |
| Â | Activity | Activity style | Active | Compared to peers, my child.. - ..is very active. - ..never sits still. | A | 0.76 | 3.36 (0.88) |
Parenting practices | Diet | Restriction unhealthy intake (CFQ) | - I have to be sure that my child does not eat.. * ..too many sweets (candy, ice cream, pastries). * ..too many high-fat foods. * ..too much of his/her favorite foods. - As a reward for good behavior, I offer my child.. * ..his/her favorite foods. * ..sweets (candy, ice cream, pastries). - If I did not guide or regulate my child's eating, (s)he would eat.. * ..too much of his/her favorite foods. * ..too many junk foods. - I intentionally keep some foods out of my child's reach. | A | 0.63 | 3.32 (0.61) | |
| Â | Â | Monitoring intake (CFQ) | How much do you keep track of.. - ..the sweets (candy, ice cream, pies, pastries) that your child eats? - ..the snack food (potato chips, nuts, cheese puffs) that your child eats? - ..the high-fat foods that your child eats? | B | 0.86 | 4.41 (0.56) | |
| Â | Â | Stimulation healthy intake | - I make sure that my child eats enough healthy food products. - I get my child enthusiastic about healthy products, such as vegetables, fruit and whole meal products. | A | 0.54 | 4.57 (0.55) | |
Parenting practices | Activity | Restriction sedentary behavior | - I have to be sure that my child does not.. * ..watch too much television. * ..play too many computer games. - As a reward for good behavior, I put on a nice video/DVD/computer game for my child. - If I did not guide or regulate my child's activity behavior, (s)he would.. * watch too much television or play too many computer games. * not get enough physical activity. - I intentionally keep my child away from the television or computer. | A | 0.59 | 3.01 (0.68) | |
| Â | Â | Monitoring activity | How much do you keep track of... - ..the amount of television your child watches and how many computer games (s)he plays? - ..the amount of physical activity your child has? | B | 0.65 | 3.94 (0.78) | |
| Â | Â | Stimulation to be active | - If my child says "I don't feel like walking or bicycling to there", I try to get him/her to do this anyway. - I have to be careful that my child gets enough exercise. - I make sure that my child travels actively on foot or by bicycle (with or without me) as often as possible. | A | 0.57 | 4.26 (0.65) | |