Consumer purchasing patterns in response to calorie labeling legislation in New York City

Table 2 Differences in Beverage and Food Consumption between Adult Patrons at Fast Food Restaurants in NYC and Newark, NJ

	New York City		Newark, NJ		Significance
	Before Labeling (n = 384)	After Labeling (n = 442)	Before Labeling (n = 182)	After Labeling (n = 162)	Pre-labeling	Post-labeling	Pre-post NYC	Pre-post Newark	Difference-in-Difference†
Caloric Beverage (yes)	47/384 = 12%	81/442 = 18%	67/182 = 37%	23/162 = 14%	***		**	***	**
Ordered a Salad (yes)	50/384 = 13%	36/442 = 8%	15/182 = 8%	5/162 = 3%	*	**	**	**
Type of Salad Dressing (regular)	6/50 = 12%	14/36 = 39%	6/15 = 40%	1/5 = 20%	**		***		***
Orders of French Fries	121/384 = 32%	162/442 = 37%	58/182 = 32%	50/162 = 31%
Use of Cheese	131/251 = 52%	142/262 = 54%	64/115 = 56%	61/85 = 72%		***		**
Dessert (yes)	67/384 = 17%	59/442 = 13%	30/182 = 16%	15/162 = 9%			*	**
Mean Number of Fast Food Breakfasts per Week	1.21	1.28	1.69	1.49		*
Mean Number of Fast Food Lunches per Week	2.30	2.33	2.69	2.49	*	*
Mean Number of Fast Food Dinners per Week	1.29	1.09	1.58	1.28		**	*
Mean Number of Snacks per Week	1.31	1.19	1.29	1.22		***
Mean Number of Fast Food Meals per Week (including snacks)	6.1	5.8	7.3	6.4	*	*

*p≤0.10; **p <0.05; ***p <0.01;
¶ test of significance between NYC v. Newark pre-labeling; NYC v. Newark post-labeling; pre v. post labeling in NYC; pre v. post labeling in Newark
† Difference-in-difference analysis controlling for age, race, gender, and restaurant type and standard errors were clustered at the restaurant level

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