U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General. 1996, Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Google Scholar
Healthy People 2010 Database. [http://wonder.cdc.gov/data2010/]
Health Behaviors of Adults: United States, 2005-2007. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_245.pdf]
Owens JF, Matthews KA, Wing RR, Kuller LH: Can physical activity mitigate the effects of aging in middle-aged women?. Circulation. 1992, 85: 1265-1270.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Baranowski T, Anderson C, Carmack C: Mediating variable framework in physical activity interventions: How are we doing? How might we do better?. Am J Prev Med. 1998, 15: 266-297. 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00080-4.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dishman R: The problem of exercise adherence: Fighting sloth in nations with market economies. QUEST. 2001, 53: 279-294.
Article
Google Scholar
Baranowski T, Cullen KW, Nicklas T, Thompson D, Baranowksi J: Are current health behavior change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts?. Obes Res. 2003, 23-43. Suppl 11
Lutz RS, Karoly P, Okun MA: The why and the how of goal pursuit: Self-determination, goal process cognition, and participation in physical exercise. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2008, 9: 559-575. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.07.006.
Article
Google Scholar
Segar ML, Eccles JS, Richardson CR: Type of physical activity goal influences participation in healthy midlife women. Womens Health Issues. 2008, 18: 281-291. 10.1016/j.whi.2008.02.003.
Article
Google Scholar
Gebhardt WA: Health Behaviour Goal Model: Towards a Theoretical Framework for Health Behaviour Change. 1997, Leiden: Leiden University
Book
Google Scholar
Maes S, Gebhardt WA: Self-regulation and health behavior: The health behavior goal model. Handbook of Self-regulation. Edited by: Boekaerts M, Pintrich P, Zeidner M. 2000, San Diego: Academic Press, 343-368.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Bagozzi R, Dholakia U, Basuroy S: How effortful decisions get enacted: The motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions. J Behav Decis Mak. 2003, 16: 273-295. 10.1002/bdm.446.
Article
Google Scholar
Carver C: Some ways in which goals differ and some implications of those differences. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior. Edited by: Gollwitzer P, Barge J. 1996, New York: The Guilford Press, 645-672.
Google Scholar
Carver C, Scheier M: On the Self-regulation of Behavior. 1998, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Book
Google Scholar
Leventhal H, Leventhal E, Contrada R: Self-regulation, health, and behavior: A perceptual-cognitive approach. Psychol Health. 1998, 13: 717-733. 10.1080/08870449808407425.
Article
Google Scholar
Baumann LC: Culture and illness representation. The Self-regulation of Health and Health Behaviour. Edited by: Cameron L, Leventhal H. 2003, New York: Foutledge, 242-253.
Google Scholar
Eccles JS: Understanding women's educational and occupational choices: Applying the Eccles et al. model of achievement-related choices. Psychol Women Q. 1994, 18: 585-609. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb01049.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Segar ML, Eccles JS, Peck SC, Richardson C: Midlife women's physical activity goals: Sociocultural influences and effects on behavioral regulation. Sex Roles. 2007, 57: 837-850. 10.1007/s11199-007-9322-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Taylor SD, Bagozzi RP, Gaither CA, Jamerson KA: The bases of goal setting in the self-regulation of hypertension. J Health Psychol. 2006, 11: 141-162. 10.1177/1359105306058869.
Article
Google Scholar
Bagozzi RP, Bergami M, Leone L: Hierarchical representations of motives in goal setting. J Appl Psychol. 2003, 88: 915-943.
Article
Google Scholar
Bagozzi R, Dholakia U: Goal setting and goal striving in consumer behavior. J Mark. 1999, 63: 19-32.
Article
Google Scholar
Carver C, Scheier M: On the structure of behavioral self-regulation. Handbook of Self-regulation. Edited by: Boekaerts M, Pintrich P, Zeidner M. 2000, San Diego: Academic Press, 41-84.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Bagozzi RP, Edwards EA: Goal setting and goal pursuit in the regulation of body weight. Psychol Health. 1998, 13: 593-621. 10.1080/08870449808407421.
Article
Google Scholar
Cameron L, Leventhal H: Self-regulation, health, and illness: An overview. The Self-regulation of Health and Illness Behaviour. Edited by: Cameron L, Leventhal H. 2003, London: Routledge, 1-13.
Google Scholar
Sheldon K, Kasser T: Goals, congruence, and positive well-being: New empirical support for humanistic theories. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 2001, 41: 30-50. 10.1177/0022167801411004.
Article
Google Scholar
Paulssen M, Bagozzi E: Goal hierarchies as antecedents of market structure. Psychology & Marketing. 2006, 23: 689-709. 10.1002/mar.20124.
Article
Google Scholar
Eccles J: Subjective task value and the Eccles et al. model of achievement-related choices. Handbook of Competence and Motivation. Edited by: Elliot A, Dweck C. 2005, New York: Guilford, 105-121.
Google Scholar
Winter D: Personality: Analysis and Interpretation of Lives. Boston: McGraw Hill. 1996
Google Scholar
McQuail D: McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. 2005, London: Sage, 5
Google Scholar
Theberge N: Sociological perspectives on physical activity. Physical Activity in Human Experience: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Edited by: Curtis J, Russell S. 1997, Champaign: Human Kinetics, 129-159.
Google Scholar
Wray S: Health, exercise, and well-being: the experiences of midlife women from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Social Theory & Health. 2007, 5: 126-144. 10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700100.
Article
Google Scholar
Nilges LM: Five years of Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal: A content review. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 1997, 6: 109-119.
Google Scholar
Mutrie N, Choi P: Is "fit" a feminist issue? Dilemmas for exercise physiology. Feminism & Psychology. 2000, 10: 544-551. 10.1177/0959353500010004017.
Article
Google Scholar
Rachel Ray Shares Her Exercise Secrets. [http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20347532,00.html]
D'abundo ML: How 'healthful' are aerobics classes? Exploring the health and wellness messages in aerobics classes for women. Health Care Women Int. 2007, 28: 21-46. 10.1080/07399330601001428.
Article
Google Scholar
Go Red For Women. [http://www.goredforwomen.org/BetterU]
Rothman A, Kelly K, Hertel A, Salovey P: Message frames and illness representations: implications for interventions to promote and sustain healthy behavior. The Self-regulation of Health and Illness Behavior. Edited by: Cameron L, Leventhal H. 2003, London: Routledge, 278-296.
Google Scholar
Petrella R, Wight D: An office-based instrument for exercise counseling and prescription in primary care. Arch Fam Med. 2000, 9: 339-344. 10.1001/archfami.9.4.339.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Russell NK, Roter DL: Health promotion counseling of chronic-disease patients during primary-care visits. Am J Public Health. 1993, 83: 979-982. 10.2105/AJPH.83.7.979.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Exercise is Medicine. [http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/public.htm]
Segar ML, Spruijt-Metz D, Nolen-Hoeksema S: Go figure? Body-shaping motives are associated with decreased physical activity participation among midlife women. Sex Roles. 2006, 54: 175-187. 10.1007/s11199-006-9336-5.
Article
Google Scholar
Koslow R: Age-related reasons for expressed interest in exercise and weight control. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1988, 18: 349-354. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1988.tb00021.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Eccles JS, Wigfield A: Motivational beliefs, values and goals. Annu Rev Psychol. 2002, 53: 109-132. 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153.
Article
Google Scholar
Smith MS, Wallston KA: How to measure the value of health. Health Educ Q. 1992, 7: 129-135.
Google Scholar
Get Moving!. [http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/PhysicalActivity/Physical-Activity_UCM_001080_SubHomePage.jsp]
Trujillo KM, Brougham RR, Walsh DA: Age differences in reasons for exercising. Curr Psychology. 2004, 22: 348-367. 10.1007/s12144-004-1040-z.
Article
Google Scholar
Huberty JL, Ransdell LB, Sidman C, Flohr JA, Shultz B, Grosshans O, Durrant L: Explaining long-term exercise adherence in women who complete a structured exercise program. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008, 79: 374-384.
Article
Google Scholar
Cialdini RB: The science of persuasion. Sci Am. 2001, 76-81.
Google Scholar
Reynolds T, Gutman J: Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation. J Advert Res. 1988, 28: 11-24.
Google Scholar
McGregor I, Little B: Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: on doing well and being yourself. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998, 74: 494-512.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Godin G, Shephard RJ: A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985, 10: 141-146.
CAS
Google Scholar
Pereira MA, FitzerGerald SJ, Gregg EW, Joswiak ML, Ryan WJ, Suminski R, Utter AC, Zmuda J: A collection of physical activity questionnaires for health-related research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997, 29 (Suppl 6): 1-205.
Google Scholar
Lean ME, Han TS, Seidell JC: Impairment of health and quality of life using new US federal guidelines for the identification of obesity. Arch Intern Med. 1999, 159: 837-843. 10.1001/archinte.159.8.837.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Strauss A, Corbin J: Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 1998, Newbury Park: Sage
Google Scholar
Verbeke G, Molenberghs G: Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. 2000, Berlin: Springer
Google Scholar
Satterthwaite FE: An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components. Biometrics. 1946, 2: 110-114. 10.2307/3002019.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Raudenbush SW: Statistical analysis and optimal design for cluster randomized trials. Psychol Methods. 1997, 2: 173-185.
Article
Google Scholar
Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 1988, Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 2
Google Scholar
Eyler AE, Wilcox S, Matson-Koffman D, Evenson KR, Sanderson B, Thompson J, Wilbur J, Rohm-young D: Correlates of physical activity among women from diverse racial/ethnic groups. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002, 11: 239-236. 10.1089/152460902753668448.
Article
Google Scholar
Sharpe PA, Granner ML, Hutto B, Ainsworth B, Cook A: Association of body mass index to meeting physical activity recommendations. Am J Health Behav. 2004, 28: 522-530.
Article
Google Scholar
Simons J, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M: Development and validation of the goal content for exercise questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008, 30: 353-377.
Google Scholar
Ashford B, Biddle SJ, Goudas M: Participation in community sports centres: Motives and predictors of enjoyment. J Sports Sci. 1993, 11: 249-256. 10.1080/02640419308729992.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
American Cancer Society urges women to take care in 'Choose You'. [http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2010-05-04-cancerblue04_ST_N.htm]
Choose You. [http://www.chooseyou.com]
King NA, Hopkins M, Caudwell P, Stubbs RJ, Blundell JE: Beneficial effects of exercise: shifting the focus from body weight to other markers of health. Br J Sports Med. 2009, 43: 883-888. 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068148.
Article
Google Scholar
Clifton R, Ahmed S, Allen T, Anholt S, Barwise P, Blacket T: Brands and Branding (The Economist Series). 2009, New York: The Economist (Bloomberg Press), 2
Google Scholar
Rodin J, Striegel-Moore R, Silberstein L: Women and weight: A normative discontent. Nebr Symp Motiv. 1984, 32: 267-307.
CAS
Google Scholar
Grouzet FME, Kasser T, Ahuvia A, Kim Y, Lau S, Ryan R, Saunders S, Schmuck P, Sheldon KM: The structure of goal contents across 15 cultures. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005, 89: 800-816.
Article
Google Scholar
Hendry P: Midlife women's negotiations of barriers to and facilitators of physical activity: Implications for counselors. Adultspan Journal [serial on the Internet]. 2010, [http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201004/2004709831.html.]
Google Scholar
Ryan RM: Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. J Pers. 1995, 63: 397-427. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Williams G, Saizow RB, Ryan R: The importance of Self-determination Theory for medical education. Acad Med. 1999, 74: 992-995. 10.1097/00001888-199909000-00010.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Deci EL, Ryan RM: The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol Inq. 2000, 11: 227-268. 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
Article
Google Scholar
Elliot A, Sheldon K: Avoidance personal goals and the personality-illness relationship. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998, 75: 1282-1299.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
DiMatteo MR: Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations - A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care. 2004, 42: 200-209. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9.
Article
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Adherence to Long-term Therapies. 2003, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
Google Scholar
Lau RR, Hartman KA, Ware JE: Health as a value: Methodological and theoretical considerations. Health Psychol. 1986, 5: 25-43.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Biddle S: Exercise Motivation Across the Life Span. European Perspectives on Exercise and Sport Psychology. 1995, Champain, IL: Human Kinetics Publisher, 3-25.
Google Scholar
Weller RE, Cook EW, Avsar KB, Cox JE: Obese women show greater delay discounting than healthy-weight women. Appetite. 2008, 51: 563-569. 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.010.
Article
Google Scholar
Ainslie G: Breakdown of Will. 2001, New York: Cambridge Press University
Book
Google Scholar
Estle SJ, Green L, Myerson J, Holt DD: Discounting of monetary and directly consumable rewards. Psychol Sci. 2007, 18: 58-63. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01849.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Hariri AR, Brown SM, Williamson DE, Flory JD, de Wit H, Manuck SB: Preference for immediate over delayed rewards is associated with magnitude of ventral striatal activity. J Neurosci. 2006, 26: 13213-13217. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3446-06.2006.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rath T, Harter J: Well-being: The Five Essential Elements. 2010, New York: Gallup Press
Google Scholar
Heath C, Heath D: Made to Stick. 2007, New York: Random House
Google Scholar
Elk R, Johnson V, Rapkin B, Paskett E, editors: Selling health to the underserved: what does industry do so well that we don't (and should): Lessons for Public Health. Society of Behavioral Medicine. 2011, Washington, D.C
Google Scholar
Asbury LD, Wong FL, Price SM, Nolin MJ: The VERB (TM) campaign - Applying a branding strategy in public health. Am J Prev Med. 2008, 34 (Suppl 6): 183-187.
Article
Google Scholar
Henderson KA, Bialeschki MD, Shaw SM, Freysinger VJ: Both Gains and Gaps: Feminist Perspectives on Women's Leisure. 1996, State College: Venture Publishing Inc
Google Scholar
Harrington M, Dawson D: Who has it best? Women's labor force participation, perceptions of leisure, and constraints to enjoyment of leisure. Journal of Leisure Research. 1995, 27: 4-24.
Google Scholar
Sheldon KM, Elliot AJ: Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons as predictors of effort and attainment. Personality and Social Psychology. 1998, 24: 546-557. 10.1177/0146167298245010.
Article
Google Scholar
Beverland MB, Farrelly FJ: The quest for authenticity in consumption: Consumers' purposive choice of authentic cues to shape experienced outcomes. J Consum Res. 36: 838-856.
Segar ML, Jayaratne T, Hanlon J, Richardson C: Fitting fitness into women's lives: Effects of a gender-tailored physical activity intervention. Womens Health Issues. 2002, 12: 338-349. 10.1016/S1049-3867(02)00156-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Huberty JL, Vener J, Sidman C, Meendering J, Blissmer B, Schulte L, Flohr JA, Ransdell LB: Women bound to be active: A pilot study to explore the feasibility of an intervention to increase physical activity and self-worth in women. Women Health. 2008, 48: 83-101. 10.1080/03630240802132120.
Article
Google Scholar
Huberty JL, Vener J, Ransdell L, Schulte L, Budd MA, Gao Y: Women Bound to Be Active (Years 3 and 4): Can a book club help women overcome barriers to physical activity and improve self-worth?. Women Health. 2010, 50: 88-106. 10.1080/03630241003601103.
Article
Google Scholar
Ariely D: Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. 2009, New York: Harper Perenial
Google Scholar
Why We Do Things That Aren't in Our Best Interests. [http://bigthink.com/ideas/20760]
Campbell PG, MacCauley D, McCrum E, Evans A: Age differences in the motivating factors for exercise. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2001, 23: 191-199.
Google Scholar
Sebire S, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M: Development and validation of the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008, 30: 353-377.
Google Scholar
Ingledew D, Markland D: Three levels of motivation. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being. 2009, 3: 336-355.
Google Scholar
Sebire S, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M: Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic goals: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009, 31: 189-210.
Google Scholar
Sallis JF, Saelens BE: Assessment of physical activity by self-report: Status, limitations, and future directions. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2000, 71: 1-14.
Article
Google Scholar
Vrazel J, Saunders RP, Wilcox S: An overview and proposed framework of social-environmental influences on the physical-activity behavior of women. Am J Health Promot. 2008, 23: 2-12. 10.4278/ajhp.06070999.
Article
Google Scholar
Stadler G, Oettingen G, Gollwitzer PM: Physical activity in women: effects of a self-regulation intervention. Am J Prev Med. 2009, 36: 29-34. 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.021.
Article
Google Scholar
Magnusson D: The person approach: Concepts, measurement models, and research strategy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development: Vol 101 Person-centered Approaches to Studying Human Development in Context. Edited by: Peck SC, Roeser RW. 2003, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 3-23.
Google Scholar
Glasgow RE, Green LW, Klesges LM, Abrams DB, Fisher EB, Goldstein MG, Hayman LL, Ockene JK, Orleans CT: External validity: We need to do more. Ann Behav Med. 2006, 31: 105-108. 10.1207/s15324796abm3102_1.
Article
Google Scholar
Patton M: Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. 1990, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Google Scholar
Markula P: Firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin: The Postmodern aerobicizing female bodies. Sociol Sport J. 1995, 12: 424-453.
Google Scholar
Mochon D, Nortin MI, Ariely D: Getting off the hedonic treadmill, one step at a time: the impact of regular religious practice and exercise on well-being. J Econ Psychol. 2008, 29: 632-642. 10.1016/j.joep.2007.10.004.
Article
Google Scholar