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Table 4 Constraints on men’s and women’s cycling, of total sample, transport-only cyclists, and recreation-only cyclists a

From: Gender differences in recreational and transport cycling: a cross-sectional mixed-methods comparison of cycling patterns, motivators, and constraints

Constraints

Respondents who cycled within the last year (n = 1849)

 

Respondents who only cycled for transport in the last week (n = 292)

Respondents who only cycled for recreation in the last week (n = 783)

 

Men

Women

Gender differences b

Men

Women

Gender differences b

Men

Women

Gender differences b

 

%

%

OR

95%CI

%

%

OR

95%CI

%

%

OR

95%CI

Concerns about cycling in traffic

53.2

67.6

1.6

1.27-2.05

52.6

61.0

1.01

0.53-1.94

59.3

72.3

1.53

1.04-2.52

Aggression from motorists

52.6

86.8

1.54

1.22-1.95

44.9

60.8

1.62

0.86-3.04

52.2

67.0

1.82

1.25-2.66

Rainy or stormy weather

49.5

58.7

1.28

1.02-1.62

43.4

47.2

0.95

0.49-1.82

54.6

59.5

1.11

0.76-1.61

Lack of time

40.8

41.9

1.15

0.90-1.47

20.5

26.9

2.50

1.26-4.96

52.9

45.9

0.78

0.52-1.18

Lack of safe places to park or store my bicycle at places I would want to ride my bicycle to

37.7

40.0

1.03

0.81-1.30

29.3

38.9

1.50

0.78-2.87

40.8

47.3

1.12

0.77-1.63

Inhaling car fumes when cycling on the road

34.4

47.9

1.63

1.29-2.07

34.8

45.9

1.49

0.77-2.87

30.7

41.4

1.66

1.13-2.43

Lack of shower and changing facilities at places I would want to ride my bicycle to

28.3

33.0

1.18

0.92-1.52

23.3

28.1

0.98

0.51-1.90

32.9

41.4

1.44

0.97-2.15

Inability to put my bicycle on public transportation (buses, trains)

27.9

39.1

1.54

1.20-1.96

27.0

40.5

2.49

1.06-5.81

24.3

32.6

1.39

0.94-2.06

Decrease in daylight hours during winter months

25.7

38.9

1.83

1.43-2.34

10.1

22.9

3.08

1.37-6.94

35.2

42.1

1.22

0.84-1.77

Windy weather

19.7

37.3

2.26

1.73-2.96

11.5

22.1

2.09

0.92-4.74

21.7

41.3

2.48

1.67-3.67

Hot or humid weather

17.0

31.3

1.91

1.46-2.51

11.8

23.8

1.62

0.72-3.60

18.0

33.0

1.97

1.28-3.04

Living too far away from places I would want to ride my bike to

16.3

24.2

1.70

1.28-2.26

17.8

19.7

2.30

0.76-6.99

12.9

18.3

1.56

0.99-2.46

Cold weather

14.6

18.9

1.21

0.90-1.64

5.1

5.2

1.04

0.32-3.42

16.6

18.6

0.96

0.62-1.48

Illness, injury or health problems

13.4

16.5

1.23

0.90-1.68

7.4

13.6

2.26

0.94-5.41

10.9

14.1

1.40

0.86-2.30

The presence of hills

8.5

25.7

3.98

2.88-5.49

8.8

22.6

3.97

1.73-9.11

8.2

23.0

3.60

2.11-6.14

Lack of knowledge about local cycling routes

8.2

17.0

2.01

1.41-2.87

3.3

11.4

2.42

0.95-6.19

9.2

15.2

1.73

1.02-2.94

Cost of cycling (bicycles, accessories, clothing, rides)

6.1

4.1

0.54

0.32-0.90

5.3

3.8

0.75

0.20-2.77

5.7

3.3

0.45

0.20-1.03

Lack of fitness

4.5

12.1

3.21

2.12-4.85

3.9

8.2

3.10

1.16-8.29

3.8

9.0

2.51

1.28-4.93

Lack of confidence in bicycle maintenance, such as repairing a puncture

2.2

20.2

10.2

6.43-16.18

1.9

14.6

11.39

3.27-39.58

1.5

16.7

11.59

5.51-24.40

Lack of confidence in my cycling ability or skills

2.2

14.3

5.97

3.85-9.25

0.5

7.3

10.71

1.18-97.44

2.6

13.5

5.23

2.60-10.50

  1. aAll statistics account for clustering within household and adjust for age, education, employment status, household, number of cars in household, SEIFA, residential location, BMI, and years cycled as an adult, b Male is the referent category, Bold: p < 0.05.