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Table 3 Outcomes for subjects who completed the crossover and delayed intervention phase, and between-group differences

From: Effects of a 6-month multimodal training intervention on retention of functional fitness in older adults: A randomized-controlled cross-over design

Group 1 (No Intervention) (n=45)

Group 2 (Delayed Intervention) (n=50)

Between-group

Outcome and Values

MTI

Crossover

Change

Rep. Base

Delayed MTI

Change

difference

 

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Diff in means (95% CI)

Means (SE)

Means (SE)

Diff in means (95% CI)

Diff in means (95% CI)

Physical performance

       

SPPB (points)

10.7 (0.2)

11.0 (0.2)

0.3 (0.0 to 0.7)

10.1 (0.2)

10.7 (0.2)

0.6 (0.2 to 0.9)***

−0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2)

Balance (points)

3.4 (0.1)

3.5 (0.1)

0.0 (−0.2 to 0.3)

3.2 (0.1)

3.4 (0.1)

0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)

Walk (seconds)

3.3 (0.1)

3.3 (0.1)

0.0 (−0.2 to 0.1)

3.4 (0.1)

3.3 (0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1)

0.0 (−0.2 to 0.3)

Chair (seconds)

11.0 (0.3)

10.4 (0.3)

−0.6 (−1.1 to −0.1)*

12.8 (0.3)

11.5 (0.3)

−1.3 (−1.8 to −0.8)***

1.0 (0.1 to 2.0)*

8 foot up-and-go (seconds)

5.7 (0.2)

5.6 (0.2)

−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)

6.7 (0.2)

6.0 (0.2)

−0.7 (−1.0 to −0.4)***

0.4 (−0.1 to 0.9)

Strength performance

       

Knee extension (Newton)

367.3 (9.7)

355.7 (9.9)

−11.6 (−25.0 to 1.7)

312.3 (9.2)

343.6 (9.6)

31.3 (18.6 to 44.0)***

−12.1 (−39.4 to 15.2)

Hand grip (Newton)

334.4 (8.8)

335.4 (9.0)

1.1 (−9.0 to 11.1)

343.1 (8.5)

357.5 (8.7)

14.3 (4.9 to 23.8)**

22.0 (−2.9 to 46.9)

Endurance performance

       

Six min walking (meter)

491.1 (9.8)

481.1 (10.0)

10.0 (−21.3 to 1.3)

447.0 (9.4)

462.8 (9.7)

15.8 (5.3 to 26.3)**

−18.3 (−46.0 to 9.5)

Physical activity (cpm)

307.1 (15.7)

277.1 (16.4)

−30.1 (−60.7 to 0.6)

211.7 (15.0)

337.6 (16.0)

125.9 (96.0 to 155.8)***

60.6 (15.1 to 106.0)**

BMI (kg/m2)

27.3 (0.6)

27.3 (0.6)

0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)

26.9 (0.6)

26.4 (0.6)

−0.5 (−0.7 to −0.3)***

−0.9 (−2.5 to 0.8)

Icelandic quality of life (points)

56.6 (0.7)

56.2 (0.7)

−0.4 (−1.4 to 0.6)

54.6 (0.7)

55.5 (0.7)

0.9 (−0.1 to 1.8)

−0.6 (−2.7 to 1.4)

  1. Values are shown as means with standard error (SE) at following time points; MTI and crossover by Group 1 and repeated baseline and delayed MTI by Group 2, 95% confidence interval in means (95% CI) comparing changes between groups, and significant differences; * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
  2. MTI = Multimodal Training Intervention.
  3. Rep.Base = Repeat Baseline.
  4. SE = Standard error.
  5. SPPB = Short physical performance battery.
  6. cpm = Average counts per minute.
  7. BMI = Body mass index.