Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review

Beenackers, Marielle A; Kamphuis, Carlijn BM; Giskes, Katrina; Brug, Johannes; Kunst, Anton E; Burdorf, Alex; van Lenthe, Frank J

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-116

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Characteristics of the 131 included studies ordered by European region

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review

Author, year of publication	Country of study ^a	Study name	Year of data- collection	Sample size + characteristic ^b	Age	% Male ^c	Response ^c	SEP indicator ^d	PA domain ^e
EU wide studies
Martinez-Gonzales et al., 2001 [54]	EU – 15 countries	Pan-European Union survey	1997	n= 15239	15+	47%	NP	Education	TLTPA
Ståhl et al., 2001 [60]	BEL, FIN, DEU, NLD, ESP, SWI	MAREPS project	1997-98	n= 3343	18+	43%	54%	Education	TPA
Van Tuyckom & Scheerder, 2008 [61]	EU – 27 countries	Eurobarometer 64.3	2005	n= 26688	15+	NP	NP	Education Social class	TLTPA
Van Tuyckom & Scheerder, 2010a [62]	EU – 27 countries	Eurobarometer 64.3	2005	n= 26362	15+	NP	NP	Social class	TLTPA
Van Tuyckom & Scheerder, 2010b [55]	EU – 27 countries	Eurobarometer 64.3	2005	n= 26688	15+	NP	NP	Education	OPA TLTPA AT
Varo et al., 2003 [56]	EU – 15 countries	Pan-European Union survey	1997	n= 15239	15+	47%	NP	Education	TLTPA
Western European region
Addor et al., 2003 [63]	SWI	Health examination survey of adults (MONICA project)	1992-93	n= 1550	25-64	49%	53%	Education	VLTPA
Bertrais et al., 2004 [64]	FRA	SUVIMAX study	1998	n= 7404	45-68	46%	NP	Education	TLTPA
Chaix & Chauvin, 2003 [65]	FRA	2000 French Health Monitoring Survey	2000	n= 12948	16+	49%	66%	Education Income	TLTPA
Dragano et al., 2007 [66]	DEU, CZE	DEU: Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) Study CZE: Health, Alcohol & Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE)	DEU: 2000-03	n DEU = 4032	45-69	DEU: 49%	DEU: 56%	Education Neighb. SEP	TLTPA
Dragano et al., 2007 [66]	DEU, CZE		CZE: 2002-05	n CZE = 7522		CZE: 45%	CZE: 55%	Education Neighb. SEP	TLTPA
Drieskens et al., 2010 [67]	BEL	Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS)	1997	n 1997 = 7431	15+	NP	60%	Education	TLTPA
			2001	n 2001 = 8142
			2004	n 2004 = 7459
Galobardes et al., 2003 [68]	SWI	Bus Santé 1993-2000	1993-2000	n= 8194	35-74	51%	57-65%	Education Social class	VLTPA
Kamphuis et al., 2008 [52]	NLD	Dutch GLOBE study 2004	2004	n= 3839	25-75	48%	64%	Income Education	VLTPA
Kamphuis et al., 2009 [51]	NLD	Dutch GLOBE study 2004	2004	n= 1994	55-75	48%	62%	Income Education	TLTPA
van Lenthe et al., 2005 [47]	NLD	Dutch GLOBE study 1991	1991	n= 8767	20-69	NP	70%	Neighb. SEP	TLTPA VLTPA AT
Meyer et al., 2005 [69]	SWI	Swiss Health Survey 2002	2002	n= 8405	50+	45%	NP	Income Education	VLTPA
Meyer et al., 2005 [69]	SWI	Swiss Health Survey 2002	2002	community residents	50+	45%	NP	Income Education	VLTPA
Nocon et al., 2008 [70]	DEU	German National Health Survey	1998	n= 7124	18-79	48%	NP	Income Education Social class	VLTPA
van Oort et al., 2004 [71]	NLD	Dutch GLOBE study 1991	1991	n= 16980	15-74	49%	70%	Education	TLTPA
Rathmann et al., 2005 [72]	DEU	KORA (=Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) Survey	2000	n= 1653	55-74	51%	62%	Income Education Social class	TLTPA
Ribet et al., 2001 [73]	FRA	GAZEL study (G) MONICA – France (M)	G: 1989-92 M: 1994-97	n G = 9486 n M = 534 working, living in couple	40-50	100%	G: 44-87% M: 51-77%	Social class	TLTPA
Scheerder et al., 2002 [74]	BEL	Sports participation in Flanders	1969 1979 1989 1999	n 1969 = 7479	NP	50%	71-89%	Education Social class	VLTPA
		- Leuven Growth Study of Flemish Girls		n 1979 = 18629
		- Study on Movement Activities in Flanders		n 1989 = 7957
				n 1999 = 9143
				parents of school children
Scheerder et al., 2005 [75]	BEL	Sports participation in Flanders	1979 1989 1999	n 1979 = 19396	NP	50%	71-89%	Education Social class	VLTPA
		- Leuven Growth Study of Flemish Girls		n 1989 = 8624
		- Study on Movement Activities in Flanders		n 1999 = 10356
				parents of school children
Schneider & Becker, 2005 [76]	DEU	German National Health Survey	1998	n= 3323 employed	18-69	56%	61%	Income Education Social class Individual SEP	VLTPA
Van Dyck et al., 2010 [23]	BEL	Belgian Environmental Physical Activity Study (BEPAS)	2007-08	n= 1166	20-65	48%	58%	Education Neighb. SEP	TLTPA AT
Verdaet et al., 2004 [77]	BEL	BELSTRESS study (subsample)	NP	n= 892 working men	35-59	100%	NP	Education	TLTPA
de Vries et al., 2008 [78]	NLD	SMILE study	2002	n= 9449	12+	42%	NP	Education	TPA
Wagner et al., 2003 [79]	FRA IRE	PRIME Study – France	NP	n FRA = 7359	50-59	100%	NP	Education Household wealth	TLTPA VLTPA AT
Wagner et al., 2003 [79]	FRA IRE	PRIME Study – Ireland	NP	n IRE = 2398	50-59	100%	NP	Education Household wealth	TLTPA VLTPA AT
Eastern European region
Drygas et al., 2009 [31]	POL	National Polish Health Survey, (WOBASZ, Project)	2002-05	n= 12552	20-74	47%	74-79%	Income Education	TLTPA
Frömel et al., 2009 [80]	CZE	Czech physical activity, environment and SES study	NP	n= 9950	25-64	49%	58%	Individual SEP	TPA VLTPA
Jurakić et al., 2009 [81]	HRZ	Croatian physical activity study	2007	n= 1032	15+	48%	NP	Income Education	TPA OPA TLTPA AT
Kaleta & Jegier, 2005 [32]	POL	Physical activity in Poland	NP	n= 508 employed	adults (42 ± 10)	54%	47%	Income Education	TLTPA
Kaleta & Jegier, 2007 [82]	POL	Physical activity in Poland	NP	n= 954	25-64	47%	48%	Income Education	TLTPA
Kwaśniewska et al., 2010 [28]	POL	The National Multicentre Health Survey (WOBASZ Project)	2004-05	n= 7280 works/ studies outside home	20-74	51%	74-79%	Income Education	AT
Leskošek et al., 2002 [83]	SVN	Sport participation in the Republic of Slovenia	1998	n= 1768	18+	52%	59%	Education	VLTPA
Mišigoj-Durakoviæ et al., 2000 [84]	HRZ	Zagreb study	1999	n= 594 employed	20-65	50%	20%	Education	OPA TLTPA VLTPA
Nowak, 2010 [85]	POL	Western Poland active lifestyle survey	2000-06	n= 3662	20-75	all female	NP	Education	VLTPA
Paulik et al., 2010 [86]	HUN	Health survey rural Hungary	2006	n= 3380 living in small settlements	18+	47%	83%	Education Household wealth	VLTPA
Pomerleau et al., 2000 [87]	EST LVA LTU	Three national surveys of adults	1997	n EST = 2018	19-65	EST: 45%	EST: 67%	Income Education	TLTPA VLTPA
				n LVA =		LVA:	LVA:
				2303		46%	78%
				n LTU = 2140		LTU: 44%	LTU: 73%
Puska et al., 2003 [88]	EST LTU FIN	Finbalt project	1994, 1996, 1998	n EST = 3808	20-64	EST: 44%	EST: 68-83%	Education	TLTPA
				n LTU = 5716		LTU: 44%	LTU: 62-69%
				n FIN = 9608		FIN: 48%	FIN: 70-72%
Shapo et al., 2004 [89]	ALB	Health behaviours and health status in Tirana City	2001	n= 1120	25+	48%	73%	Income Education	TLTPA
Stelmach et al., 2004 [90]	POL	CINDI programme (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention Programme)	2001-02	n= 1837	18-64	54%	NP	Income Education	TLTPA
Zaletel-Kragelj et al., 2006 [91]	SVN	CINDI Health Monitor	2001	n= 7718 without disability	25-64	47%	64%	Education Social class	TPA
Southern European region
Artazcoz et al., 2004 [92]	ESP	Catalonian Health Survey (CHS)	1994	n= 2866 workers and housewives	25-64	all female	NP	Education	VLTPA
Bolívar et al., 2010 [93]	ESP	Andalusia Health Survey	1999, 2003	n= 13193	16+	49%	NP	Education Social class Neighb. SEP	TLTPA
Borrell et al., 2000a [94]	ESP	Barcelona Health Interview Survey	1992	n= 4171	14+	47%	91%	Occupation	TPA VLTPA
Borrell et al., 2000b [95]	ESP	Barcelona Health Interview Survey	1986	n 1986 = 7907	14+	1986: 46%	88-93%	Occupation	TPA
			1992	n 1992 = 5004		1992: 47%
			1994	n 1994 = 2155		1994: 44%
De Vogli et al., 2005 [96]	ITA	Health Determinants Surveillance System (HDSS) Survey	2003	n= 3327	18-91	52%	57%	Social class	TLTPA
Gal et al., 2005 [97]	PRT	Porto health survey	NP	n= 2004	18+	39%	70%	Education Social class	TPA TLTPA
Lera-López & Rapún- Gárate, 2005 [98]	ESP	Sport participation and consumer expenditure in Navarra, Spain	2004	n= 700	16-65	NP	NP	Income Education	VLTPA
Meseguer et al., 2009 [99]	ESP	Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance System (NCDRFSS)	2000-05	n= 12037	18-64	49%	65%	Education	TLTPA
Panagiotakos et al., 2008a [100]	GRC	ATTICA study	2001-02	n= 3042	18+	50%	75%	Education	TPA
Panagiotakos et al., 2008b [101]	GRC	ATTICA study	2001-02	n= 3042	18+	50%	75%	Education	TPA
Pascual et al., 2007 [102]	ESP	Spanish Health Study	2001	n= 19324	16-74	49%	85%	Income Education Social class Neighb. SEP	TLTPA
Pascual et al., 2009 [103]	ESP	General survey on customs regarding media and leisure activities	1999	n= 25982	25-74	49%	70%	Income Education Neighb. SEP	VLTPA
Pitsavos et al., 2005 [104]	GRC	ATTICA study	2001-02	n= 3042	20-89	50%	75%	Income Education Social class	VLTPA
Santos et al., 2009 [105]	PRT	Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study	2004	n= 9991	18-65	43%	88%	Income Education	TPA
Schröder et al., 2004 [106]	ESP	Gerona cardiovascular risk factor and lifestyle study	1994-96	n= 1748	25-74	48%	73%	Education	TLTPA VLTPA
Scandinavian region
Ali & Lindström, 2006 [107]	SWE	2000 public health survey in Scania	2000	n= 5180 workforce or unemployed	18-64	56%	59%	Education	TLTPA
Andersen et al., 2000 [108]	DNK	Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS)	1964-92	n= 30640	20-93	56%	69-95%	Education	TLTPA VLTPA AT
		Copenhagen Male Study (CMS)
		Glostrup Population Study (GPS) (pooled)
Barengo et al., 2006 [109]	FIN	National FINRISK Study	1972-97	n= 33712	30-59	49%	71-95%	Education Social class	TPA
Bergman et al., 2008 [110]	SWE	International Prevalence Study (IPS) Sweden	2003	n= 1470	18-74	47%	59%	Income Education	TPA
Borodulin et al., 2008 [111]	FIN	National FINRISK Study	2002	n= 4437	25-64	44%	59-70%	Education	TLTPA
Cubbin et al., 2006 [112]	SWE	Swedish Annual Level of Living Survey	1996-2000	n= 10890	25-64	49%	80%	Individual SEP Neighb. SEP	VLTPA
Engström, 2008 [113]	SWE	Sport Habitus Study Sweden	2007	n= 1518	53	NP	77%	Education	VLTPA
Häkkinen et al., 2006 [114]	FIN	Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort	1998	n= 4343	31	46%	76%	Education	TLTPA
Henriksson et al., 2003 [115]	SWE	Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study in Southern Sweden (CRISS)	1990	n 1990 =	37	100%	1990:	Education	TLTPA
			1993	991	40		68%
			1996	n 1993 = 770	43		1993: 78% *
				n 1996 = 702			1996: 71% *
							*of baseline
Hu et al., 200 [37]	FIN	National FINRISK Study	1982, 1987, 1992	n= 14290	35-64	48%	74-88%	Education	OPA TLTPA AT
Kivimäki et al., 2007 [116]	FIN	Finnish Public Sector Study	2000-02	n= 48592	17-65	19%	68%	Individual SEP	TPA
Korniloff et al., 2010 [117]	FIN	Finnish type 2 diabetes (FIN-D2D) survey	2007	n= 2778	45–74	47%	64%	Income Education	TLTPA
Laaksonen et al., 2002 [118]	FIN	Finnish Adult Health Behaviour Survey	1991-98	n= 26014 civil servants	15-64	47%	69-76%	Education	TLTPA
Laaksonen et al., 2008 [119]	FIN	Finnish Adult Health Behaviour Survey	1979-2001	n= 60608	25-64	48%	62-86%	Education	TLTPA
Lagerros et al., 2009 [120]	SWE	The Swedish National March Cohort	1997	n= 42150	18-94	36%	NP	Education	TPA
Leijon et al., 2010 [121]	SWE	Public Health Survey Ostergotland County	2006	n= 6966	18-84	45%	54%	Education Self-reported economy	TPA
Lindström et al., 2001 [122]	SWE	The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study	1992-94	n= 11837	45-65	45%	39%	Social class	TLTPA
Lindström et al., 2003a [123]	SWE	The Malmö Public Health Survey	1986, 1994	n= 3861	21-81	47%	71-74%	Education	TLTPA
Lindström et al., 2003b [124]	SWE	The Malmö Public Health Survey	1994	n= 3377	20-80	NP	71%	Education	TLTPA
Mäkinen et al., 2009 [125]	FIN	Finnish Adult Health Behaviour Survey	1978-2002	n= 50815 employed	25-64	50%	62-86%	Income Education Social class	TLTPA AT
Mäkinen et al., 2010a [126]	FIN	The Health 2000 Survey	2000-01	n=3355 employed	30+	46%	85-89%	Social class	OPA TLTPA
Mäkinen et al., 2010b [127]	FIN	The Health 2000 Survey	2000-01	n= 7112	30+	45%	84-89%	Income Education Social class	TLTPA
Mäkinen et al., 2010c [128]	FIN	National FINRISK study	2002	n= 4408	25-64	44%	60-70%	Education	TLTPA
Molarius, 2003 [129]	SWE	Varmland County Survey	2000	n= 6394	25-74	47%	70%	Education	TLTPA
Nielsen et al., 2006 [130]	DNK	Odense Androgen Study	2002, 2003	n= 783	20-29	100%	73%	Education	TLTPA
Norman et al., 2002 [131]	SWE	COSM (cohort of Swedish men)	1997	n= 33466	45-79	100%	48%	Education	TPA TLTPA
Novak et al., 2006 [132]	SWE	Swedish Cohort Study	1981, 1995	n= 1044	16, 30	52%	96%	Education	TPA
Orsini et al., 2007 [133]	SWE	Swedish Mammography Study (SMC97)	1997	n= 38988	40-75	all female	70%	Education	TPA
Osler et al., 2000 [134]	DNK	MONICA – Denmark	1982-1984, 1987, 1991-92	n= 6695	30, 40, 50, 60	50%	73-79%	Education	TLTPA
Osler et al., 2001 [135]	DNK	Children of the Copenhagen City Heart Study	1992	n= 317	19-31	51%	52%	Education	TLTPA
Osler et al., 2008 [136]	DNK	Metropolit cohort (1965)	2004	n= 6292	51	100%	66%	Education	TLTPA
Petersen et al., 2010 [137]	DNK	Danish National Health Interview Survey	1987	n 1987 = 4752	16+	49%	1987: 80%	Education	TLTPA
			1994	n 1994 = 4667			1994: 78%
			2000	n 2000 = 16688			2000: 74%
			2005	n 2005 = 14566			2005: 67%
Piro et al., 2007 [138]	NOR	Oslo Health Study (HUBRO)	2000	n= 14608	30, 40, 45, 60	45%	46%	Income Education Neighb. SEP	VLTPA
Pudaric et al., 2000 [139]	SWE	Migrants in Sweden Study	1988-89	n= 3100	55-74	47%	80%	Income	TPA
Pulkki et al., 2003a [140]	FIN	Cardiovascular Risks in Young Finns (CRYF) study	1983, 1992	n= 1219	12-21, 21-30	44%	62%	Individual SEP	TLTPA
Pulkki et al., 2003b [141]	FIN	Cardiovascular Risks in Young Finns (CRYF) study	1983, 1992	n= 1125	12-21, 21-30	58%	57%	Education	TLTPA
Salonen et al., 2010 [142]	FIN	Sub-study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study	2001-04	n= 1967	57-71	46%	NP	Education Social class	TLTPA
Schnohr et al., 2004 [143]	DNK	Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS)	1967-86	n= 30635	20-93	53%	NP	Education	TLTPA
		Copenhagen Male Study (CMS)
		Glostrup Population Study (GPS) (pooled)
Simonen et al., 2003 [144]	FIN	Finnish Twin Cohort	1975, 1981	n= 224 monozygotic twins	35-69	NP	82%	Education	VLTPA
Sjögren & Stjernberg, 2010 [145]	SWE	Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC)	2001-03	n= 999	60-96	45%	61%	Education	TLTPA
Strand & Tverdal, 2004 [146]	NOR	Cardiovascular disease study in Norway	1970	n= 44684	35-49	51%	91%	Education	TLTPA
Strandhagen et al., 2010 [147]	SWE	The INTERGENE research programme	2001-04	n= 3581	25-74	47%	42%	Education	TLTPA
Suadicani et al., 2001 [42]	DNK	Copenhagen Male Study	1970-71	n= 5028	40-59	100%	87%	Social class	OPA TLTPA
Suadicani et al., 2005 [148]	DNK	Copenhagen Male Study	1970-71 1985-86	n= 3290	40-74	100%	75-87%	Social class	TLTPA
Tammelin et al., 2003 [149]	FIN	Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort	1998	n= 7794	31	46%	75%	Education	TLTPA
Wang et al., 2010 [34]	FIN	National FINRISK Study (pooled data)	1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002	n= 58208	24-74	49%	65-88%	Education	OPA TLTPA AT
Wemme & Rosvall, 2005 [150]	SWE	Scania Health Survey	1999-2000	n= 7169 employed	NP	54%	59%	Education Social class	TLTPA
Anglo-Saxon region
Adams, 2009 [151]	GBR	English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)	2002	n= 10864	50+	47%	NP	Education	TPA
Adams, 2010 [29]	GBR	2005 UK Time Use Survey (part of National Statistics Omnibus Survey)	2005	n= 3933	16+	48%	49%	Education Social class	AT
Allender et al., 2008 [15]	GBR	Health Survey for England	2003	n= 13974	16+	45%	66%	Education Social class	TPA TLTPA
Amuzu et al., 2009 [152]	GBR	British Women’s Heart and Health Study	1999-2001	n= 3522	60-79	all female	NP	Individual SEP Neighb. SEP	TPA
Bartley et al., 2000 [153]	GBR	Health and Lifestyle study (HALS)	1984	n 1984 = 2176	20-64	100%	NP	Social class	VLTPA
Bartley et al., 2000 [153]	GBR	Health Survey for England (HSfE)	1993	n 1993 = 4723	20-64	100%	NP	Social class	VLTPA
Bartley et al., 2004 [154]	GBR	Whitehall II Study	1985-88	n= 5458 civil servants	35-55	74%	73%	Social class	TLTPA
Chaudhury & Shelton, 2010 [155]	GBR	Health Survey for England (HSfE)	2006	n= 1550	60-69	46%	NP	Income Social class Neighb. SEP	TPA
Ecob & Macintyre, 2000 [156]	GBR	West of Scotland 20–07 Study	1987, 1988	n= 3036	15, 35, 55	NP	NP	Neighb. SEP	VLTPA
Harrison et al., 2006 [157]	GBR	Physical activity in North-West England	2001	n= 15465	18+	45%	70%	Neighb. SEP Home owner	TPA
Heslop et al., 2001 [158]	GBR	Cohort of workers recruited from workplaces in Western Scotland between 1970 and 1973	1970-73	n= 958 employed	working age	all female	70%	Education Social class Neighb. SEP	TLTPA
Hillsdon et al., 2008 [159]	GBR	British Women's Heart and Health Study	1999-2001	n= 4286	60-79	all female	NP	Individual SEP Neighb. SEP	TPA
Lahelma et al., 2010 [160]	GBR FIN	The London-based Whitehall II study (WHII)	WHII: 1997-99	n WHII= 2678	WHII: 45–	WHII: 76% HHS:	WHII: 73% HHS:	Social class	TLTPA
		The London-based Whitehall II study (WHII)	WHII: 1997-99	n WHII= 2678	WHII: 45–		67%
		The Helsinki Health Study (HHS)				17%	67%
			HHS: 2001-02	n HHS= 8960	60
			HHS: 2001-02	white collar employees	HHS: 40-60
Livingstone et al., 2001 [161]	IRL	North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS)	1997-99	n= 1379	18-64	48%	NP	Social class	VLTPA
Lunn, 2010 [162]	IRL	The Survey of Sport and Physical Exercise	2003	n= 2896	18+	NP	67%	Income Education	VLTPA
Mein et al., 2005 [163]	GBR	Whitehall II study	1997-99	n= 6224	45-69	72%	71%	Social class	TLTPA
Mein et al., 2005 [163]	GBR	Whitehall II study	1997-99	civil servants	45-69	72%	71%	Social class	TLTPA
Mullineaux et al., 2001 [164]	GBR	Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey of English Adults (ADNFS)	1990	n= 2005	16+	NP	NP	Education	TPA
Mutrie & Hannah, 2004 [165]	GBR	West of Scotland Twenty-07 study (3^rd wave)	1995-96	n= 2153	24, 44, 64	42%	NP	Social class	OPA TLTPA
Myint et al., 2006 [166]	GBR	EPIC study	1993-97	n= 23085	40-79	46%	NP	Social class	TPA
Poortinga, 2007 [167]	GBR	Health Survey for England	2003	n= 11617	16-64	NP	NP	Social class	OPA VLTPA
Popham & Mitchell, 2006 [168]	GBR	British Household Panel Survey	1996, 1998, 2000, 2002	n= 9473	18-64	48%	74%	Income Education Social class School type (fee-paying)	TLTPA
Popham & Mitchell, 2007 [16]	GBR	2003 Scottish Health Survey (SHS)	2003	n= 5287	25-64	44%	60%	Individual SEP	TPA OPA VLTPA
Popham, 2010 [169]	GBR	2003 Scottish Health Survey (SHS)	2003	n= 2770	35-54	NP	60%	Social class	VLTPA
Stamatakis & Chaudhury, 2008 [170]	GBR	Health Survey for England (HSfE)	1997, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2006	n= 60938	16+	45%	61-71%	Income Education Social class	VLTPA
Stringhini et al., 2010 [3]	GBR	Whitehall II cohort	1985-88	n= 9590	35-55	68%	73%	Social class	TLTPA
Stringhini et al., 2010 [3]	GBR	Whitehall II cohort	1985-88	civil servants	35-55	68%	73%	Social class	TLTPA
Wardle & Griffith, 2001 [171]	GBR	British Omnibus Study	1999	n= 1790	16+	50%	70%	Social class	VLTPA
Wardle & Steptoe, 2003 [172]	GBR	British Omnibus Study	2000	n= 1691	16+	45%	62%	Social class	VLTPA
Watt et al., 2009 [173]	GBR	British Women’s Heart and Health Study	1999-2001	n= 3523	60-79	all female	NP	Individual SEP	TPA

^a EU = European Union, ALB = Albania, BEL = Belgium, CZE = Czech Republic, DEU = Germany , DNK = Denmark, ESP = Spain, EST = Estonia, FIN = Finland, FRA = France, GBR = United Kingdom, GRC = Greece, HRZ = Croatia (local name is Hrvatska), HUN = Hungary, IRL = Ireland, ITA = Italy, LTU = Lithuania, LVA = Latvia, NLD = The Netherlands, NOR = Norway, POL = Poland, PRT = Portugal, SVN = Slovenia, SWE = Sweden, SWI = Switzerland.
^b Sample characteristics only provided when a specific subsample from the population was studied (e.g. working people, civil servants, etc.).
^c NP = Not Provided.
^d SEP = socioeconomic position, Neighb. = neighbourhood, Individual SEP = composite measure of different individual SEP indicators.
^e PA = Physical Activity, TPA = Total Physical Activity, OPA = Occupational Physical Activity, TLTPA = Total Leisure-time Physical Activity, VLTPA = Vigorous Leisure-time Physical Activity, AT = Active Transport.

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