Effects of meal preparation training on body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure: results of a phase 2 trial in type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Step counts, dietary intakes, and psychobehavioural characteristics at baseline

	Final Assessment Attended (n=53) [^d]	Final Assessment Not Attended (n=19) [^e]
Step Counts, steps/day, Mean (SD)	7,272 (2,777)	6,408 (2,923)
Dietary Intake
Energy, kcal/day, Mean (SD)	2,024 (839)	1,576 (486)
Protein, % of total energy intake, [^f] Mean (SD)	19.2 (3.7)	20.7 (5.5)
Carbohydrate, % of total energy intake^c, Mean (SD)	44.3 (6.8)	40.6 (8.2)
Fat, % of total energy intake^c, Mean (SD)	36.7 (6.1)	37.9 (6.1)
Saturated fat, % of total energy intake^f, Mean (SD)	11.1 (2.3)	11.3 (2.2)
Fibre, g/day, Mean (SD)	21.2 (10.3)	15.0 (4.4)
Sodium, mg/day, Mean (SD)	2,903 (1255)	2,277 (714)
Alcohol Consumption (< once per week), No. (%)	43 (81.1)	15 (79.0)
Weight Efficacy Life-Style Scores, [ ^g ] Mean (SD)
Availability Subscale	20.3 (7.8)	22.2 (5.1)
Negative Emotions Subscale	20.2 (9.1)	20.9 (8.4)
Physical Discomfort Subscale	25.4 (7.3)	27.1 (5.3)
Positive Activities Subscale	25.1 (7.6)	26.8 (4.6)
Social Pressure Subscale	23.9 (7.5)	25.8 (4.8)
Total WEL Score	115.0 (32.9)	122.8 (22.6)
Hours/day spent cooking and washing up, Mean (SD)
Weekdays	1.5 (1.0)	0.9 (0.8)
Weekend days	1.7 (1.2)	1.1 (1.0)
Self-perception as competent cook [^h] ^†, No. (%)	21 (39.6)	10 (52.6)
Frequency of eating out (days/week), Mean (SD)	1.9 (1.8)	3.2 (2.7)
Stage of Change for Weight Change Efforts, No. (%)
Pre-contemplation	2 (3.8)	0 (0)
Contemplation	13 (24.5)	4 (21.1)
Action	29 (54.7)	13 (68.4)
Maintenance	9 (17.0)	2 (10.5)
Depressive Symptomology (CES-S score >16), No. (%)	15 (28.3)	6 (31.6)

^d Steps counts per day were based on a sample size of 52 and represent the average steps per day taken during weeks 1 to 3; Frequency of eating out (days/week) was based on a sample size of 48 and represents the average frequency of eating out during weeks 1 to 3.
^e Steps counts per day were based on a sample size of 14 and represent the average steps per day taken during weeks 1 to 3; Frequency of eating out (days/week) was based in a sample size of 8 and represents the average frequency of eating out during weeks 1 to 3.
^f Assuming that 1 gram of protein equals 4 kcal, 1 gram of carbohydrates equals 4 kcal, 1 gram of total fat equals 9 kcal and 1 gram of saturated fat equals 9 kcal.
^g A higher score is indicative of a greater ability to resist eating under the given condition. WEL subscale scores range from 0 to 36. The Total WEL Score ranges from 0 to 180.
^h Compared to individuals who perceived that they can cook with a recipe, can prepare simple meals, it is not their role to cook or do not know how to cook.

ISSN: 1479-5868