Table 1 Individual, social and environmental correlates associated with cycling to/from school in Logistic regression models

Variables

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Family factors

SES (ref. low SES)

1.0 (0.93-1.08)

NI

1.01 (0.96-1.07)

NI

Number of children in household (ref. no siblings)

0.94 (0.85-1.04)

NI

1.09 (1.02-1.17)*

1.05 (0.95-1.15)

Family structure (ref. dual)

1.15 (1.05-1.25)**

1.11 (1.02-1.2)*

0.93 (0.87-0.98)*

0.92 (0.86-0.98)**

Personal factors

Independent mobility with the bicycle (ref. low)

0.74 (0.68-0.79)***

0.84 (0.78-0.91)***

1.15 (1.09-1.22)***

1.06 (1.0-1.13)*

Parental perceived motor competence of the child (ref. low)

0.95 (0.88-1.03)

NI

1.03 (0.97-1.09)

NI

Parental perceived biking skills of the child (ref. not good)

0.69 (1.63-0.76)***

0.77 (0.7-0.84)***

1.15 (1.07-1.23)***

1.08 (1.01-1.16)*

Behavioral factors (ref. low)

Sports participation

0.95 (0.88-1.02)

NI

1.0 (0.95-1.05)

NI

TV-watching

0.99 (0.93-1.06)

NI

1.08 (1.03-1.14)**

1.09 (1.04-1.15)***

PC-using

1.01 (0.93-1.09)

NI

1.02 (0.97-1.07)

NI

Reading

0.98 (0.92-1.05)

NI

1.0 (0.95-1.05)

NI

Attitudinal factors (ref. not important)

Attitude towards physical activity

0.94 (0.78-1.15)

NI

1.06 (0.92-1.22)

NI

Attitude towards cycling to school

0.78 (0.72-0.84)***

0.89 (0.81-0.97)**

1.13 (1.07-0.20)***

1.03 (0.97-1.1)

Attitude towards cycling to work

0.92 (0.85-0.99)**

1.04 (0.96-1.11)

1.01 (0.96-1.06)

NI

Attitude towards cycling training

1.06 (0.96-1.18)

NI

1.02 (0.95-1.09)

NI

Risk factor (ref. low)

1.12 (1.05-1.2)***

1.03 (0.96-1.1)

0.92 (0.88-0.97)**

0.96 (0.92-1.02)

Social environmental factors (ref. disagree)

As parents we walk/bike along with our child to school

0.92 (0.86-0.99)*

0.95 (0.89-1.03)

0.93 (0.88-0.97)**

0.91 (0.87-0.96)***

Siblings often active commute to school

0.83 (0.77-0.89)***

0.99 (0.9-1.08)

1.14 (1.08-1.2)***

1.04 (0.97-1.11)

Friends often active commute to school

0.89 (0.83-0.96)**

1.0 (0.93-1.08)

1.05 (0.99-1.1)

NI

As parents, we encourage our child to actively commute to school

0.68 (0.63-0.73)***

0.78 (0.7-0.87)***

1.2 (1.13-1.26)***

1.0 (0.92-1.08)

Siblings encourage my child to actively commute to school

0.8 (0.75-0.86)***

1.0 (0.92-1.09)

1.19 (1.14-1.26)***

1.04 (0.98-1.11)

Friends encourage my child to actively commute to school

0.81 (0.75-0.88)***

0.9 (0.83-1.0)*

1.18 (1.12-1.24)***

1.08 (1.01-1.15)*

In my neighborhood many children active commute to school

0.9 (0.85-0.98)**

1.04 (0.96-1.12)

1.1 (1.05-1.16)***

1.02 (0.96-1.08)

In my neighborhood many parents active commute to work

0.9 (0.83-1.0)

NI

0.97 (0.92-1.02)

NI

In my neighborhood many parents walk/bike along with their child to school

1.01 (0.93-1.09)

NI

0.97 (0.92-1.02)

NI

Many peers of my child live in my neighborhood

0.93 (0.87-1.0)

NI

1.03 (0.98-1.08)

NI

People around here are willing to help their neighbors

0.95 (0.88-1.02)

NI

0.99 (0.94-1.04)

NI

This is a close knit neighborhood

1.0 (0.94-1.08)

NI

0.99 (0.94-1.05)

NI

My child often plays in the street with other kids in my area

0.9 (0.84-0.97)**

0.94 (0.88-1.02)

1.05 (1.0-1.10)

NI

Cognitive factor (ref. low)

Habit of cycling to school

0.81 (0.76-0.88)***

1.02 (0.93-1.11)

1.25 (1.19-1.31)***

1.18 (1.11-1.25)***

-Cycling to school is something my child does automatically

-Cycling to school is something that belongs to my child’s daily routine

-Cycling to school is something that my child typifies

-Cycling to school is something my child has been doing for a long time

Perceived behavior control for cycling to school

0.82 (0.74-0.92)***

0.84 (0.75-0.93)**

1.01 (0.93-1.09)

NI

-My child is able to bicycle to school on a regular base

-It’s up to my child to decide if he/she bicycle to school

-It’s up to the parents to decide if their child bicycles to school

Physical environmental factors

Residential density (ref. low)

1.09 (1.01-1.16)*

1.02 (0.94-1.09)

1.0 (0.94-1.05)

NI

Walking and cycling facilities (ref. not good)

0.93 (0.83-1.05)

NI

0.99 (0.91-1.08)

NI

Connectivity (ref. low)

0.98 (0.9-1.05)

NI

0.98 (0.93-1.04)

NI

Esthetics (ref. not good)

0.97 (0.89-1.06)

NI

1.02 (0.96-1.08)

NI

Traffic safety (ref. not safe)

0.88 (0.77-1.0)*

0.98 (0.85-1.14)

1.19 (1.08-1.31)***

1.18 (1.07-1.31)***

Crime safety (ref. not safe)

0.97 (0.9-1.04)

NI

1.0 (0.95-1.05)

NI

Route factors to school (ref. no)

Route along quiet roads

0.9 (0.83-0.97)**

1.09 (0.93-1.25)

1.07 (1.01-1.13)*

0.98 (0.89-1.09)

Route along busy roads

1.14 (1.05-1.23)***

1.08 (0.92-1.25)

0.94 (0.88-0.99)*

1.0 (0.9-1.12)

Route along roads with walking and cycling facilities

1.19 (1.11-1.27)***

1.18 (1.1-1.27)***

0.93 (0.88-0.98)**

0.92 (0.88-0.97)**

Route along roads with streetlights

0.96 (0.86-1.08)

NI

0.97 (0.90-1.05)

NI

Route along (a) road(s) with a steep incline

1.05 (0.9-1.22)

NI

0.95 (0.86-1.06)

NI

Route along a busy intersection

1.05 (0.97-1.14)

NI

0.96 (0.91-1.02)

NI

Route along the center of town

1.05 (0.97-1.14)

NI

0.97 (0.91-1.03)

NI

Route along the countryside

1.14 (0.81-0.97)**

0.95 (0.86-1.04)

0.99 (0.92-1.06)

NI