Table 1 Participants characteristics at baseline and follow up (N = 1869)
Variables | Males (n = 799) | Females (n = 1070) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | AMn = 304 (38.1%) | Relapsersn = 251 (31.4%) | Adoptern = 91 (11.4%) | IMn = 153 (19.1%) |  | AMn = 486 (45.4%) | Relapsersn = 228 (21.3%) | Adoptern = 174 (16.3%) | IMn = 182 (17.0%) |  | ||||
| Â | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | Scheffe Post hoc test | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | Scheffe Post hoc test |
Baseline measures | ||||||||||||||
Age | 15.8 (1.84) | 15.8 (1.77) | 16.1 (1.81) | 16.3 (1.79) | 3.17 | .024 |  | 15.8 (1.83) | 15.8 (1.75) | 16.1 (1.85) | 16.5 (1.83) | 6.02 | .000 | IM > rel., AM |
BMI | 20.8 (2.96) | 20.9 (3.29) | 21.7 (3.41) | 21.4 (3.47) | 2.47 | .061 | Â | 21.4 (3.20) | 21.3 (2.94) | 21.6 (3.20) | 21.5 (3.39) | .20 | .896 | Â |
Follow-up measures | ||||||||||||||
Age | 27.0 (1.92) | 27.0 (1.88) | 27.5 (1.94) | 27.6 (1.96) | 4.29 | .005 | IM > rel., AM | 27.0 (1.94) | 27.0 (1.79) | 27.3 (1.99) | 27.7 (1.90) | 5.59 | .001 | IM > rel., AM |
Sitting time (hour/day) | 6.0 (2.92) | 6.1 (3.13) | 6.5 (3.16) | 5.9 (3.07) | .77 | Â | .509 | 5.7 (2.45) | 5.1 (2.65) | 5.7 (2.71) | 5.8 (2.81) | 2.50 | .059 | Â |
Waist circumference (cm) | 89.7 (9.70) | 92.7 (12.28) | 91.8 (11.21) | 93.4 (12.38) | 4.84 | .002 | AM < rel., IM | 84.8 (12.90) | 85.9 (12.97) | 87.0 (13.42) | 87.3 (13.20) | 2.03 | .108 |  |
BMI | 25.8 (3.70) | 26.4 (4.90) | 26.5 (4.02) | 26.4 (4.49) | 1.49 | Â | .217 | 25.0 (4.72) | 25.3 (4.74) | 25.8 (5.07) | 25.6 (4.91) | 1.18 | .316 | Â |
Resting heart rate | 66.1 (10.74) | 71.0 (11.47) | 72.3 (12.67) | 71.6 (10.43) | 14.32 | .000 | AM < IM, rel., adopt. | 70.2 (10.19) | 74.8 (11.08) | 73.2 (9.97) | 76.7 (10.43) | 21.10 | .000 | AM < IM, rel., adopt. |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.1 (8.74) | 68.4 (8.64) | 68.6 (8.51) | 67.5 (9.54) | 1.17 | .320 |  | 64.1 (7.92) | 63.9 (7.90) | 66.0 (7.68) | 66.1 (7.75) | 4.53 | .004 | AM < IM |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.0 (10.00) | 127.6 (11.44) | 128.0 (11.93) | 125.6 (11.09) | 1.13 | .336 | Â | 114.6 (10.52) | 114.7 (9.03) | 116.1 (10.14) | 115.9 (10.92) | 1.34 | .259 | Â |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.20 (.25) | 1.13 (.26) | 1.13 (.25) | 1.14 (.24) | 5.05 | .002 | AM > rel. | 1.45 (.32) | 1.43 (.35) | 1.42 (.33) | 1.38 (.30) | 1.62 | .184 |  |
Cholesterol (total) (mmol/l) | 4.66 (.92) | 4.87 (1.00) | 4.68 (1.03) | 4.90 (1.02) | 3.18 | .023 |  | 4.70 (.88) | 4.90 (1.19) | 5.01 (1.05) | 4.74 (.96) | 4.96 | .002 | AM < adopt. |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.02 (.91) | 5.17 (1.13) | 5.37 (3.03) | 5.07 (.88) | 1.64 | .179 | Â | 4.99 (1.41) | 4.83 (.73) | 4.80 (.59) | 4.86 (.65) | 1.91 | .126 | Â |
Triglycerides | 1.55 (1.01) | 1.81 (1.19) | 1.73 (1.05) | 1.70 (1.11) | 2.06 | .104 | Â | 1.13 (.72) | 1.23 (.66) | 1.24 (.77) | 1.21 (.58) | 1.37 | .250 | Â |