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Table 2 Intervention features

From: Meta-analysis of internet-delivered interventions to increase physical activity levels

Source

Tailored

Theory

Interactive Features

Attrition (%)

Logins

Psyc Imp

All

Int

Bosak and Yates, 2009 [15]

Limited

SCT

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, SM, UC

14

17

NR

Yes

Carr et al., 2008 [16]

Limited

TTM

Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, SM,

52

62

NR

NR

Cook et al., 2007 [17]

Nil

SCT, SOC

GS

13

15

NR

Yes

Dunton and Robertson, 2008 [18]

Full

TTM, HBM

Edu, ER, FB

15

16

NR

No

Glasgow et al., 2010b[19]

Nil

SCT, Self-M, SEM

Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q SM, UC

17

20

28

Yes

Grim et al., 2011b[20]

Nil

SCT,

Edu Q, UC

28

24

NR

Yes

Hager et al., 2002b[21]

Limited

TTM

FB

23

24

NR

Yes

Haung et al., 2009 b[22]

Limited

TTM

AC, Edu, ER, FB, Q, SC, SM, UC

12

NR

NR

Yes

Hurling et al., 2007 [23]

Full

Other

AC, Edu, ER, FB, GS, SC,SM, UC,

NR

NR

26.1

Yes

Kim and Kang, 2006 b[24]

Limited

TTM

AC, FB, GS, UC,

NR

NR

NR

No

Kosma et al., 2005 [25]

Limited

TTM

AC, Edu, FB, ER, UC,

50

54

NR

No

Leibreich et al., 2009 [26]

Limited

SCT

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, SM, UC,

10

8

NR

Yes

Lorig et al., 2006 [27]

Limited

Self-M

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, UC

19

22

26.5

No

Lorig et al., 2008 [28]

Full

Other

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, SM, UC,

24

29

31.5

Yes

Lorig et al., 2010 [29]

Nil

Self-M

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, SC, SM, UC

15

20

NR

Yes

Mailey et al., 2011 [30]

NIL

SCT

FB, GS, SM, ER, UC, Edu

9

13

NR

Yes

Marshall et al., 2003 [31]

Limited

SOC

ER, FB, GS, Q

22

24

NR

NR

McConnon et al., 2007 [32]

Limited

Nil

ER, FB

31

51

15.8

NR

McKay et al., 2001 [33]

Full

Self-M, SEM

AC, Fac, FB, GS, SM

13

8

8.9

No

Morgan et al., 2009 [34]

Nil

SCT

AC, Fac, FB, GS, SM

17

18

120

NR

Morgan et al., 2011 [35]

Nil

SCT

Edu, FB, GS, SM

19

19

NR

Yes

Motl et al., 2011 [36]

Nil

SCT

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, SC, SM, UC,

11

15

8.6

Yes

Napolitano et al., 2003 [37]

Limited

SCT, SOC

Edu, ER, Q

12

30

NR

Yes

Nguyen et al., 2008 [38]

Full

SCT, Self-M, Other

Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, SC, SM

24

31

59

Yes

Ornes and Randsell, 2007b[39]

Nil

SCT

Edu, ER, FB, GS, SM,

7

NR

NR

NR

Parrott et al., 2008 [40]

Nil

TPB

AC

0

0

NA

Yes

Plotnikoff et al., 2005 [41]

Nil

SCT, TPB, TTM, PMT

Nil

18

NR

NA

Yes

Skar et al., 2011 b[42]

Nil

TPB

FB

42

44

NR

Yes

Smith et al., 2009 [43]

Limited

TTM

Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, SM

NR

NR

NR

NR

Spittaels et al., 2007 b[44]

Full

TPB, SOC

AC, Edu, ER, FB, GS

34

40

NR

NR

Steele et al., 2007 b[45]

Nil

SCT, Self-M

AC, Edu, ER, Fac, Q, SM, UC,

15

10

11.8

NR

Wadsworth and Hallam, 2010 [46]

Nil

SCT

Edu, ER, Fac, FB, GS, Q, SM, UC

22

24

NR

Yes

Winnett et al., 2007 b[47]

Nil

SCT

Edu, FB, GS, SM, UC,

15

15

NR

No

Zutz et al., 2007 [48]

Nil

Nil

Edu, Fac, FB, Q, SC, UC

13

0

50

Yes

  1. Abbreviations: Psyc Imp, psychological improvements; All, overall attrition for both groups; Int, attrition for internet intervention group only; NS, not reported; SCT, social cognitive theory, TTM, transtheoretical model; SOC, stages of change, HBM, health belief model; Self-M, self-management; SEM, social ecological model; TPB, theory of planned behaviour; PMT protection motivation theory; AC, asynchronous communication; Edu, education; ER, email reminders; Fac, facilitator; FB feedback; GS, goal setting; Q, quiz; SC, synchronous communication; SM, self-monitoring; UC, updated content,.
  2. Note: Limited tailoring was defined as those interventions that mentioned the inclusion of some tailored materials, but did not deliver a comprehensively tailored intervention as the main component of the intervention. Presence of education material was defined as interventions that delivered structured educational material targeting physical activity knowledge. Psychological improvements are present where statistically significant improvements on any psychological measures is reported in the intervention group (e.g. self-efficacy, attitudes).