Associations of built food environment with body mass index and waist circumference among youth with diabetes

Table 3 Associations of supermarket accessibility/availability measures with BMI z-score and waist circumference in sequentially adjusted models

Adiposity/ Supermarket accessibility and availability measures	Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^c		Model 4^d
	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI
BMI z-score
Distance to nearest (miles)	0.015	−0.010, 0.041	0.012	−0.014, 0.037	0.007	−0.021, 0.035	−0.031	−0.078, 0.017
Number in 2-mile buffer	−0.057**	−0.099, -0.016	−0.052*	−0.094, -0.011	−0.054*	−0.100, -0.008	−0.054*	−0.105, -0.004
Density (number per sq. mile)
Lowest density (Quartile 1)	0.289**	0.096, 0.482	0.264**	0.069, 0.458	0.321**	0.089, 0.553	0.256	−0.012, 0.524
Quartile 2	0.248*	0.050, 0.446	0.233*	0.036, 0.430	0.281*	0.059, 0.502	0.232	−0.001, 0.464
Quartile 3	0.135	−0.041, 0.311	0.127	−0.048, 0.302	0.156	−0.020, 0.361	0.131	−0.060, 0.323
Highest density (Quartile 4)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Waist circumference
Distance to nearest (miles)	0.126	−0.161, 0.413	0.102	−0.182, 0.386	−0.020	−0.323, 0.282	−0.312	−0.757, 0.133
Number in 2-mile buffer	−0.419	−0.876, 0.039	−0.400	−0.863, 0.077	−0.215	−0.708, 0.277	−0.235	−0.764, 0.294
Density (number per sq. mile)
Lowest density (Quartile 1)	3.635**	1.416, 5.855	3.348**	1.064, 5.633	3.520**	0.992, 6.048	3.262*	0.521, 6.004
Quartile 2	3.603**	1.310, 5.897	3.612**	1.316, 5.909	3.753**	1.281, 6.226	3.442**	0.918, 5.966
Quartile 3	1.291	−0.628, 3.211	1.241	−0.681, 3.162	1.328	−0.652, 3.307	1.156	−0.861, 3.172
Highest density (Quartile 4)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

^aadjusted for age at clinic visit, race/ethnicity, gender, cohort year, diabetes type, diabetes duration.
^bModel 1+ parental education.
^cModel 2+ population density.
^dModel 3+ fast food accessibility/availability.
p-value: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01.

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