The association between sidewalk length and walking for different purposes in established neighborhoods

Table 4 Probit, and linear regression estimates for the association between demographic, built environment, reasons for moving to a new neighborhood (preferences), and attitude and neighborhood-based total walking (transportation and recreation combined)

	Probit models for participation in any walking in the neighborhood (n = 1681)			Linear models for weekly minutes of total walking in the neighborhood (walkers only n = 1049)
	Probit (95CI) ¹	Probit (95CI) ²	Marginal (%) ²	B (95CI) ¹	B (95CI) ³	Heckman-corrected B (95CI) ³
Built environment
Walkability index	0.027 (−0.010, 0.064)	0.032 (−0.007, 0.070)	1.11	−0.11 (−4.58, 4.35)	0.29 (−4.09, 4.67)	1.13 (−13.35, 15.61)
Sidewalk length (per 10 km)	0.024 (−0.025, 0.074)	0.019 (−0.033, 0.071)	0.66	5.88 (0.17, 11.58)*	4.72 (−0.93, 10.36)	5.26 (−0.60, 11.13)^Ω
Attitude and neighborhood preferences
Attitude towards walking		0.071 (0.054, 0.089)*	2.49		5.90 (3.71, 8.10)*	8.03 (3.25, 12.80)*
Access to recreation		0.251 (0.146, 0.356)*	8.75		11.05 (−0.90, 23.00) ^Ω	16.39 (0.23, 32.54)*
Access to schools		−0.036 (−0.108, 0.035)	−1.27		−12.11 (−19.99, −4.22)*	−13.86 (−18.63, −9.09)*
Access to services		−0.080 (−0.190, 0.031)	−2.78
Streets pedestrian/cycle friendly		0.270 (0.160, 0.380)*	9.42		11.60 (0.47, 22.74)*	16.13 (7.36, 24.89)*
Housing affordability/variety		−0.225 (−0.346, −0.103)*	−7.83
Inverse Mills Ratio						50.64
Rho						0.41

¹Adjusted for gender, age, education, walkability and sidewalks.
²Adjusted for gender, age, education, walkability and sidewalks, neighborhood preferences, and attitude correlates.
³Adjusted for gender, age, education, walkability and sidewalks and for preference and attitude variables with statistically significant bivariate associations with walking.
B: Unstandardized regression coefficient. 95CI: 95% confidence interval. *p < .05; ^Ωp < .10.

ISSN: 1479-5868