Table 1 Target types, intervention strategies and related intervention examples

INDIVIDUAL

HP → IND

Interventions aimed at changing children directly

E.g., Offering workshops for students on how to eat healthy^INSP

HP → (IND—IND)

Interventions aimed at linking up children to perform activities together

E.g., Finding a partner for sports at recess*

INTERPERSONAL

HP → INT → IND

Interventions aimed at changing children’s interpersonal environment (people who can influence the IND, e.g., friends, parents, siblings)

E.g., Distributing booklets to parents on how to pack a healthy lunch^INSP

HP → (INT—INT) → IND

Interventions aimed at linking up families/small groups to actually participate in activities together

E.g., Healthy cooking group that meets to learn and cook healthy recipes*

ORGANIZATIONAL

HP → ORG → IND

Interventions aimed at changing children’s organizational environment (school infrastructure and/or school personnel)

E.g. Improving school premises to promote PA^INSP

HP → (ORG—ORG) → IND

Interventions aimed at linking organizations together

E.g., Creating a partnership between two schools to buy sports equipment*

COMMUNITY

HP → COM → IND

Interventions aimed at changing the community environment (community infrastructure and/or community members)

E.g. Improving parks to engage in PA after school*

HP → (COM—COM) → IND

Interventions aimed at linking communities together

E.g., Developing a partnership of two neighborhoods to clean the park to engage in PA*

POLICY

HP → POL → IND

Interventions aimed at influencing political representatives to legislate for the promotion of physical activity

E.g. Lobbying activities for the development of policies for safer active transportation to school*

HP → (POL—POL) →IND

Interventions aimed at creating alliances to promote more effective intergovernmental cooperation

E.g., Brokering an alliance between federal and local authorities for the delivery of PE classes in schools*

MIXED

HP → POL → ORG → IND

Interventions aimed at changing children through multiple targets

E.g. Creating a policy mandating all teachers to attend training to deliver physical activation sessions to students^INSP