The effectiveness of sit-stand workstations for changing office workers’ sitting time: results from the Stand@Work randomized controlled trial pilot

Table 3 Adjusted estimates of change in outcomes for control and intervention conditions for Stand@Work ^a

Outcome (minutes per day)	Control (Assessment 2 minus 1)^b			Intervention (Assessment 3 minus 2)^c			Control vs. Intervention^d
	Estimate	(95% CI)	p-value	Estimate	(95% CI)	p-value	p-value
Time at work spent (ActivPAL)^e
Sitting	10	(-24, 43)	0.565	-73	(-106, -39)	<0.001	0.004
Standing	4	(-14, 21)	0.678	65	(47, 83)	<0.001	<0.001
Stepping	3	(-9, 16)	0.596	11	(-1, 24)	0.081	0.453
Time at work spent (OSPAQ)
Sitting	-14	(-66, 37)	0.576	-91	(-142, -40)	0.001	0.075
Standing	11	(-15, 36)	0.401	99	(74, 125)	<0.001	<0.001
Walking	2	(-15, 19)	0.823	13	(-4, 30)	0.127	0.433
In heavy labour at work	3	(-2, 7)	0.211	0	(-4, 5)	0.927	0.454
Time spent sitting over a whole workday (WSQ)
Transport	14	(-5, 34)	0.138	2	(-17, 21)	0.826	0.424
At work	-37	(-86, 11)	0.130	-74	(-123, -25)	0.004	0.365
Watching TV	30	(6, 55)	0.016	-26	(-51, -2)	0.038	0.007
Using computer at home	-3	(-22, 16)	0.788	14	(-5, 34)	0.141	0.256
Other leisure activities	-2	(-34, 29)	0.875	5	(-26, 37)	0.731	0.763
Total sitting time	5	(-70, 80)	0.895	-80	(-155, -4)	0.040	0.179
Time spent sitting over a whole non-workday (WSQ)
Transport	11	(-16, 38)	0.437	7	(-20, 34)	0.604	0.876
At work	-3	(-42, 37)	0.891	-5	(-45, 35)	0.807	0.948
Watching TV	32	(-7, 71)	0.102	-46	(-86, -7)	0.021	0.019
Using computer at home	-20	(-54, 14)	0.247	-6	(-41, 28)	0.716	0.621
Other leisure activities	-43	(-109, 24)	0.203	11	(-56, 77)	0.746	0.338
Total sitting time	-29	(-130, 72)	0.567	-40	(-142, 61)	0.432	0.895

^aEstimates adjusted for measurement time, study group, sex, age, BMI, office type, education level, and full time or part time work.
^bThe control analyses tested the difference between assessments 1 and 2 (assessment 2 minus assessment 1).
^cThe intervention analyses tested the difference between assessments 2 and 3 (assessment 3 minus assessment 2).
^dAn F test was used to compare estimates between control and intervention conditions for each outcome.
^eActivPAL analyses involved participants with at least 75% wear time at work, and who worked full time with at least 2 days of wear time at work or worked part time with at least 1 day of wear time at work.

ISSN: 1479-5868