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Table 4 Total diet: the effect of year by level of deprivation on children’s mean nutrient intake compared with DRV/RNI*s[31]

From: A repeat cross-sectional study examining the equitable impact of nutritional standards for school lunches in England in 2008 on the diets of 4-7y olds across the socio-economic spectrum

   

2003-4

2008-9

[2008-9] - [2003-4]

 

Nutrient

DRV/RNI*

Level of deprivation

Mean

(Mean change) 95%confidence interval

p-value for interaction†(year by level of deprivation)

Energy (kcals)

±

Least

1589

1516

(-73) -143,-2.2

 
  

Mid

1612

1450

(-162) -216,-107

 
  

Most

1630

1377

(-253) -315,-121

0.001

% E fatǂ

35

Least

33.3

31.5

-(1.8) -2.8,-0.8

 
  

Mid

34.5

31.5

(-3.0) -3.4,-1.9

 
  

Most

34.1

31.9

(-2.2) -3.0,-1.4

0.4

% E saturated fatǂ

11

Least

14.4

13.8

(-0.6) -1.2,0.0

 
  

Mid

14.8

13.4

(-1.4) -1.8,-0.9

 
  

Most

14.1

13.4

(-0.7) -1.2,-0.2

0.06

NSP± (g)

-

Least

9.1

10.0

(0.9) 0.3,1.6

 
  

Mid

8.7

9.5

(0.8) 0.3,1.3

 
  

Most

8.9

8.6

(-0.3) -0.9,0.4

0.014

Iron (mg)

6.1

Least

7.1

7.4

(0.3) -0.7,0.1

 
  

Mid

6.8

6.9

(0.1) -0.4,0.2

 
  

Most

6.8

6.2

(-0.6) -1.0,-0.3

0.002

Zinc (mg)

6.5

Least

5.0

5.3

(0.3) -0.1,0.5

 
  

Mid

4.9

4.9

(0.0) -0.2,0.2

 
  

Most

4.9

4.5

(-0.4) -0.6,-0.1

0.007

  1. *Dietary reference value/Reference nutrient intake [31].
  2. †p-value for interaction derived from a linear mixed effects model with random term for schools.
  3. ±Boy (1715 kcals), Girl (1545 kcals).
  4. Ç‚% E fat/saturated fat (per cent energy derived from fat/saturated fat).
  5. ≠NSP (non-starch polysaccharides).