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Table 5 Total diet: the effect of level of deprivation, year and lunch type on per cent energy NMES and mean vitamin C intake

From: A repeat cross-sectional study examining the equitable impact of nutritional standards for school lunches in England in 2008 on the diets of 4-7y olds across the socio-economic spectrum

  

School lunch

Packed lunch

 
  

2003-4

2008-9

[2008-9] - [2003-4]

2003-4

2008-9

[2008-9] - [2003-4]

 

Nutrient

Level of deprivation

Mean*

(Mean change) 95%Confidence Interval

Mean

(Mean change) 95%Confidence Interval

p-value for interaction†

% energy NMES

Least

17.5

14.4

(-3.1) -4.9,-1.3

18.0

17.7

(-0.3) -2.1,1.5

 
 

Mid

15.9

14.4

(-1.5) -2.9,-0.1

19.6

16.8

(-2.8) -4.2,-1.4

 
 

Most

17.5

14.3

(-3.2) -4.5,-1.8

19.6

16.5

(-3.1) -5.1,-1.1

0.047

Vitamin C (mg)*

Least

78.6

100.8

(0.8) 0.7,0.9

82.9

94.6

(0.9) 0.7,1.1

 
 

Mid

64.0

109.1

(0.6) 0.5,0.7

76.8

80.0

(1.0) 0.8,1.1

 
 

Most

61.9

97.9

(0.6) 0.5,0.7

77.8

70.3

(1.1) 0.9,1.3

0.035

  1. *Arithmetic means are reported, except for vitamin C (highly skewed) where geometric means and ratios are reported.
  2. †p-value for 3-way interaction derived from a linear mixed effects model with random term for schools.