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Table 3 Mean (SD) change from Baseline a for Eating and Activity Behavioral Markers by Group

From: Effectiveness of tailored lifestyle interventions, using web-based and print-mail, for reducing blood pressure among rural women with prehypertension: main results of the Wellness for Women: DASHing towards Healthclinical trial

 

Observed Means

Estimated Mean Difference over 24 months c

 

Standard advice (SA)

Web-based (W)

Print-mailed (P)

Pairwise

  
 

n=53 b

n=108 b

n=111 b

Comparison

p-value d

Estimate (95% CI)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

   

Weekly minutes of moderate or greater physical activity

      

  Baseline

266.4 (196.1)

265.3 (269.4)

227.6 (238.6)

W vs. SA

NS

18.6 (-46.1 to 83.3)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

64.6 (274.7)

81.7 (343.9)

135.8 (329.1)

P vs. SA

NS

12.7 (-52.3 to 77.8)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

103.9 (386.4)

91.3 (349.9)

96.0 (262.3)

W vs. P

NS

5.9 (-46.2 to 58.0)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

17.0 (258.4)

96.8 (352.7)

120.6 (349.4)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

44.2 (306.8)

73.3 (362.3)

79.5 (390.0)

   

Kcal expended daily

      

  Baseline

2159.4 (374.4)

2059.5 (371.8)

2131.6 (435.6)

W vs. SA

NS

-38.0 (-95.3 to 19.4)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

13.1 (182.8)

7.6 (198.7)

48.5 (242.5)

P vs. SA

NS

1.8 (-55.6 to 59.2)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

65.8 (287.4)

21.7 (211.7)

43.8 (187.8)

W vs. P

NS

-39.8 (-85.9 to 6.4)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

26.4 (203.5)

22.5 (226.8)

63.0 (276.5)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

34.7 (193.1)

0.5 (243.5)

60.3 (326.6)

   

Kcal intake daily

      

  Baseline

1702.6 (627.3)

1644.9 (559.0)

1740.3 (613.6)

W vs. SA

0.024e

113.4 (1.2 to 225.7)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-207.4 (393.1)

-63.3 (443.7)

-94.6 (520.2)

P vs. SA

0.027e

110.9 (-1.5 to 223.4)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-227.2 (466.5)

-94.9 (505.7)

-143.1 (513.3)

W vs. P

NS

2.5 (-88.1 to 93.1)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-256.8 (426.0)

-120.1 (524.9)

-210.0 (514.5)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-211.4 (421.3)

-169.5 (433.9)

-182.0 (594.9)

   

Percent daily calories from fat

      

  Baseline

36.9 (5.6)

36.6 (6.2)

36.4 (4.6)

W vs. SA

0.018

-1.4 (-2.6 to -0.1)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-2.4 (5.7)

-3.8 (5.2)

-3.7 (5.1)

P v. SA

0.03

-1.2 (-2.5 to 0.1)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-3.1 (5.7)

-3.7 (5.0)

-3.5 (4.8)

W vs. P

NS

-0.1 (-1.2 to 0.9)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-1.5 (5.5)

-3.6 (5.1)

-3.3 (4.7)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-1.8 (5.3)

-3.3 (5.4)

-2.8 (5.1)

   

Percent daily calories from saturated fat

      

  Baseline

10.9 (1.9)

10.8 (2.3)

10.8 (1.9)

W vs. SA

0.049

-0.4 (-0.8 to 0.1)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-0.9 (1.9)

-1.4 (1.7)

-1.6 (2.0)

P vs. SA

0.013

-0.5 (-0.9 to -0.1)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-1.3 (2.0)

-1.3 (1.8)

-1.4 (1.9)

W vs. P

NS

0.1 (-0.2 to 0.5)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-0.6 (1.8)

-1.3 (1.8)

-1.2 (1.8)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-0.7 (1.8)

-1.1 (1.9)

-1.2 (2.0)

   

Fruit and vegetable daily servings

      

  Baseline

4.9 (2.1)

4.8 (2.6)

5.1 (2.3)

W vs. SA

0.008

0.8 (0.1 to 1.4)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

0.8 (2.1)

1.8 (2.2)

2.1 (2.4)

P vs. SA

<0.005

1.2 (0.6 to 1.8)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

0.9 (2.5)

1.7 (2.4)

2.0 (2.5)

W vs. P

NS

-0.4 (-0.9 to 0.1)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

0.5 (2.1)

1.4 (2.6)

1.4 (2.7)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

0.9 (2.5)

1.0 (2.5)

1.6 (2.7)

   

Low-fat dairy daily servings

      

  Baseline

1.3 (0.9)

1.4 (1.0)

1.5 (1.0)

W vs. SA

<0.001

0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-0.1 (0.6)

0.2 (0.9)

0.1 (0.7)

P vs. SA

0.002

0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-0.2 (0.6)

0.2 (1.0)

0.1 (0.7)

W vs. P

NS

0.1 (-0.1 to 0.2)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-0.2 (0.7)

0.0 (0.9)

0.0 (0.7)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-0.1 (0.7)

0.0 (0.9)

0.1 (0.7)

   

Sodium (mg/day)

      

  Baseline

2926 (1149)

2748 (1029)

3048 (1190)

W vs. SA

0.030e

206.2 (-8.7 to 421.1)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-368 (743)

-50 (849)

-251 (1007)

P vs. SA

0.026e

214.3 (-0.7 to 429.4)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-412 (870)

-140 (935)

-260 (988)

W vs. P

NS

-8.1 (-182.1 to 165.9)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-472 (794)

-208 (968)

-355 (1031)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-332 (856)

-309 (818)

-373 (1091)

   
  1. aNegative change values indicate a decrease from baseline.
  2. bn’s reflect group sizes at baseline, excluding those having no followup data (n = 17).
  3. cPairwise comparisons of groups based on estimated marginal means adjusted for age and baseline value of outcome using linear mixed model methods to conduct patterned covariance analysis.
  4. dComparisons of Web-based and Print-mailed with Standard Advice were one-tailed, Web-based with Print-mailed was two-tailed, each tested at α = .05.
  5. eEffect was not in the hypothesized direction.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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