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Table 2 Associations among the perceived physical environment, parenting influences, social capital and child outside play development between five ( n  = 1875) and seven years ( n  = 1317)

From: Moderators of the longitudinal relationship between the perceived physical environment and outside play in children: the KOALA birth cohort study

 

Model 1 std. beta (95% C.I.)

Model 2 std. beta (95% C.I.)

Model 2 std. beta (95% C.I.)

Final model std. beta (95% C.I.)

Functionality

−0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03)

−0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01)

 

−0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01)

Traffic safety

0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)**

0.04 (−0.01 to 0.08)

 

0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07)

Attractiveness

0.07 (0.03 to 0.12)**

0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)*

 

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)

Accessibility

0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)**

0.06 (0.02 to 0.11)**

 

0.05 (0.01 to 0.09)*

Attitude

0.13 (0.09 to 0.17)**

 

0.09 (0.05 to 0.13)**

0.09 (0.05 to 0.13)**

Perceived responsibility

0.002 (−0.04 to 0.04)

 

0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05)

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05)

Concern

−0.13 (−0.17 to −0.09)**

 

−0.04 (−0.09 to −0.01)*

−0.04 (−0.09 to −0.001)*

Restriction

−0.24 (−0.28 to −0.20)**

 

−0.22 (−0.26 to −0.17)**

−0.21 (−0.26 to −0.17)**

Pressure

0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)**

 

0.04 (−0.002 to 0.08)

0.04 (−0.01 to 0.08)

Monitoring

−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02)

 

−0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03)

−0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03)

Social capital

0.12 (0.08 to 0.16)**

 

0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)**

0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)**

  1. Standardized coefficients from repeated measures linear mixed models. Dependent variable is outside play at five and seven years. Season at five and seven was entered as random factor, allowing each respondent to have its own random slope for season-combinations, using an autoregressive covariance structure. Model 1 is only adjusted for covariates (gender, maternal education, and child age). Model 2 is adjusted for covariates and all variables in their block (second and third column). Final model is adjusted for covariates and all variables in the table. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.