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Table 3 Moderators of the longitudinal relationship between the perceived physical environment and child outside play between five ( n  = 1875) and seven years ( n  = 1317)

From: Moderators of the longitudinal relationship between the perceived physical environment and outside play in children: the KOALA birth cohort study

Interaction terms

Model 1 std. beta (90% C.I.)

Model 2 std. beta (90% C.I.)

Model 3 std. beta (90% C.I.)

Final model std. beta (90% C.I.)

Functionality * perceived responsibility

0.034 (0.001 to 0.063)°

0.038 (0.008 to 0.068)*

0.041 (0.011 to 0.070)*

0.035 (0.004 to 0.066)°

Traffic safety * perceived responsibility

0.031 (−0.019 to 0.064)

0.033 (0.001 to 0.065)°

0.039 (0.005 to 0.070)*

0.031 (−0.002 to 0.064)

  1. Standardized coefficients from repeated measures linear mixed models. Dependent variable is outside play at five and seven years. Season at five and seven was entered as random factor, allowing each respondent to have its own random slope for season-combinations, using an autoregressive covariance structure.
  2. Model 1 is only adjusted for covariates (gender, maternal education, and child age) and main effects of the interaction. Model 2 is adjusted for covariates significant main effects of Table 2 (accessibility, attitude, concern, restriction, social capital). Model 3 contains covariates and all main effects of Table 2. Final model is equal to Model 2, but interactions are also adjusted for each other. °p < 0.10, *p < 0.05.