| Control group mean (SD) | Intervention group mean (SD) | Effect size ( d ) a | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Baseline | 4 months | 12 months | Baseline | 4 months | 12 months | 4 months |
Weight (kg) | N = 52 97.57 (12.84) | N = 48 96.65 (12.55) | N = 47 95.67 (12.39) | N = 54 96.63 (13.96) | N = 45 93.78 (13.76)** | N = 43 92.98 (14.10) | −0.67 |
Diet | N = 52 | N = 48 | N = 47 | N = 54 | N = 45 | N = 43 |  |
Fat intake | 32.23 (10.91) | 27.57 (10.25) | 28.04 (9.19) | 29.98 (9.13) | 24.22 (8.58) | 24.98 (8.31) | −0.21 |
Fiber intake | 36.98 (10.00) | 34.40 (9.62) | 34.30 (9.61) | 36.72 (11.60) | 39.85 (10.64)*** | 39.67 (11.29)** | 0.70 |
Physical activity | N = 53 | N = 44 | N = 43 | N = 53 | N = 42 | N = 42 |  |
MVPAb | 24.56 (17.75) | 28.00 (20.12) | 29.19 (23.00) | 24.93 (23.51) | 31.14 (21.18) | 26.25 (21.09) | -.11 |
Activity countsb | 270.52 (106.56) | 286.20 (123.01) | 287.68 (119.26) | 240.60 (118.44) | 266.32 (130.41) | 250.85 (118.59) | -.09 |
Perceived importance | N = 48 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 47 | N = 44 |  |
Diet (scale 1–10) | 8.49 (1.29) | 8.50 (1.43) | 8.23 (1.97) | 8.77 (1.40) | 9.26 (.92) | 9.14 (1.17) | .29 |
PA (scale 1–10) | 7.74 (1.64) | 7.67 (1.95) | 7.42 (2.17) | 8.19 (1.98) | 8.61 (1.57)* | 8.30 (1.71) | .67 |
Self-Efficacy | N = 48 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 47 | N = 44 |  |
Diet (scale 1–8) | 4.42 (1.48) | 4.41 (1.77) | 4.84 (1.53) | 4.43 (1.64) | 5.91 (1.30)*** | 5.89 (1.41)*** | .98 |
PA (scale 1–8) | 2.76 (.93) | 2.74 (.84) | 2.78 (.99) | 2.93 (.89) | 3.28 (.83)** | 3.14 (.89) | .42 |
Social Support | N = 48 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 47 | N = 44 |  |
Diet (scale 1–5) | 3.23 (.86) | 3.20 (1.03) | 3.25 (.87) | 3.17 (.80) | 3.39 (.91) | 3.30 (.97) | .39 |
PA (scale 1–5) | 2.29 (1.07) | 2.23 (1.15) | 2.09 (.99) | 2.14 (1.02) | 2.57 (1.04)*** | 2.29 (.94)* | .89 |
Understanding (scale 1–5) | N = 46 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 47 | N = 44 |  |
 | 3.21 (.65) | 3.41 (.54) | 3.54 (61) | 3.24 (.65) | 4.07 (.51)*** | 4.11 (.50)*** | .81 |
Action planning | N = 46 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 47 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
Diet | 2.76 (.75) | 2.96 (1.20) | 3.34 (1.22) | 2.79 (.76) | 3.54 (.83)** | 3.33 (.89) | .53 |
 | N = 47 | N = 46 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
PA | 2.41 (.74) | 2.80 (1.13) | 3.11 (1.39) | 2.52 (.84) | 3.17 (.90) | 3.11 (1.10) | .33 |
Coping planning | N = 46 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 50 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
Diet | 2.38 (.69) | 2.72 (1.30) | 3.13 (1.39) | 2.40 (.76) | 3.25 (.93)* | 3.15 (1.02) | .48 |
 | N = 46 | N = 46 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
PA | 2.13 (.67) | 2.60 (1.22) | 2.90 (1.43) | 2.18 (.83) | 2.99 (.93) | 2.94 (1.05) | .38 |
Self-monitoring | N = 47 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 47 | N = 44 |  |
Diet | 2.60 (.60) | 2.59 (.60) | 2.61 (.65) | 2.52 (.48) | 2.96 (.50)** | 2.92 (.45)** | 1.03 |
PA | 2.32 (.56) | 2.37 (.51) | 2.38 (.65) | 2.36 (.57) | 3.01 (.61)* | 2.69 (.59)* | 1.00 |
Enjoyment | N = 46 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
Diet | 4.72 (1.34) | 4.76 (1.48) | 4.86 (1.25) | 4.83 (1.30) | 5.54 (1.32)** | 5.63 (1.21)** | .54 |
PA | 3.67 (1.38) | 3.63 (1.23) | 3.44 (1.40) | 4.00 (1.44) | 3.47 (1.54) | 3.61 (1.82) | -.24 |
Impulse control | N = 47 | N = 47 | N = 45 | N = 52 | N = 46 | N = 44 |  |
Cognitive restraint | 2.35 (.52) | 2.32 (.75) | 2.31 (.59) | 2.24 (.52) | 2.68 (.64)** | 2.57 (.58)** | .75 |
Uncontrolled eating | 1.99 (.70) | 1.94 (.67) | 1.96 (.67) | 1.99 (.68) | 1.82 (.61) | 1.76 (.57)* | -.17 |