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Table 7 Summary of the results from reviews about determinants of dietary behavior among youth: Importance of a determinant and strength of evidence

From: Determinants of dietary behavior among youth: an umbrella review

 

Dietary behavior

Determinants

Fruit

Vegetable

Fruit & vegetable

Snack/fast food

Sugar-sweetened beverage

Breakfast

Physical environment

+, Ls [26]

0, Ls [26]

0, Ls [15,21,24,29,31]

0, Ls [21,23,24,29,31]

0, Ls [21,23,24,29,30]

0, Ls [23,25]

Social-cultural environment

0, Ls [20,23,26-28]

0, Ls [20,23,26-28]

+, Ls [16,18,21,24,27-29]

0, Ls [18,21,23,24,28,29]

+, Ls [18,20,21,23,24,28-30]

0, Ls [18,20,23,25,28,30]

Economic/financial environment

  

0, Ls [16,21,29]

0, Ls [21,29]

-, Ls [21,29,30]

-, Lnc [30]

Political environment

  

0, Ls [27]

   

Attitude

0, Lnc [24]

0, Lnc [24]

0, Ls [24,27]

++, Ls [24]

++, Lnc [24]

 

Subjective norm

  

++, Lnc [27]

   

Self-efficacy/perceived behavioral control

0, Ls [24]

0, Ls [24]

0, Ls [24,27]

0, Ls [24]

++, Lnc [24]

 

Intention

++, Ls [24]

++, Lnc [24]

+, Ls [24,27]

++, Ls [24]

++, Lnc [24]

 

Self-regulation

  

++, Ls [15] (implementation intentions)

   

Habitual behavior, automaticity

    

++, Lnc [17]

 

Sensory perceptions, perceived palatability foods

  

+, Ls [24,27]

++, Lnc [24]

--, Lnc [24]

 

Other, knowledge

0, Ls [24]

0, Ls [24]

+, Ls [24,27]

0, Ls [24]

++, Lnc [24]

 

Other, sedentary behavior

+, Ls [19,22,27]

0, Ls [19,22,27]

+, Ls [19,22,27]

+, Ls [19,22]

++, Ls [22]

++, Ls [22]

  1. Note: Importance of a determinant: ++, +, 0, −, −- (see Table 3); strength of evidence (see Table 4): Co (Convincing evidence), Pr (Probable evidence), Ls (Limited, suggestive evidence), Lnc (Limited, no conclusion); studies including determinants such as stress and risks and dietary behavior such as milk and meat intake not included in this table.