Models accounting for intention-behavior discordance in the physical activity domain: a user’s guide, content overview, and review of current evidence

Table 1 Identified theories, model, and frameworks and intention-behavior discordance constructs (n = 16)

Theory	Volitional regulation beh.	Affect	Self-efficacy/beh. skills	Outcome expectancies	Selective attention	Endogenous factors	External factors	Habit	Identity
Action Control Theory (Kuhl, 1984) [22]	√	√		√	√	√
HAPA (Schwarzer, 2008) [38]	√		√
Integrated Behavior-Change Model (Hager & Chatzisarantis, 2014) [41]	√
I-Change Theory (de Vries et al., 2005) [44]	√		√				√
Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (Fisher & Fisher, 1992) [45]	√		√
Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior Model (Burnet et al., 2002) [37]			√
Motivation-Ability-Opportunity-Behavior Model (Öllander & Thøgersen, 1995) [48]			√				√	√
MoVo Process Model (Göhner et al., 2009) [42]	√				√
M-PAC (Rhodes & de Bruijn, 2013) [20]	√	√	√			√	√	√	√
Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein, 1988) [39]			√	√			√
PRIME Theory (West, 2013) [46]	√	√		√		√	√	√	√
Rubicon Model of Action Phases (Heckhausen & Gollwitzer, 1987) [49]	√
Theory of Consumption (Bagozzi, 2000) [47]	√		√					√	√
Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (Triandis, 1977) [51]						√	√	√
Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (Hall & Fong, 2007) [40]						√	√	√
Volitional Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (Bagozzi, 1992) [50]	√	√					√		√

Note. HAPA = Health Action Process Approach; M-PAC = Multi-Process Action Control Model.

ISSN: 1479-5868