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Table 5 Cross-lagged panel models: parental feeding practices predicting girls’ and boys’ weight-height ratio (WHtR)

From: Parental feeding practices and child weight status in Mexican American families: a longitudinal analysis

 

Mothers’ feeding practices

Fathers’ feeding practices

Cross-lagged effects

Girls’ WHtR

Boys’ WHtR

Girls’ WHtR

Boys’ WHtR

 

β

β

β

β

Baseline feeding practices → Year 1 child WHtR

 Restriction

0.23**

0.22**

0.21**

0.40***

 Pressure

−0.12

−0.23**

−0.07

−0.29**

 Use food to control

−0.10

−0.11

na

na

 Positive involvement

na

na

0.10

0.08

Year 1 feeding practices → Year 2 child WHtR

 Restriction

−0.02

0.02

−0.11*

0.18*

 Pressure

−0.01

−0.05

−0.04

−0.03

 Use food to control

−0.03

0.02

na

na

 Positive involvement

na

na

−0.07

0.15*

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
  2. na: not applicable because the interaction between child gender and feeding practice was not significant