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Table 2 Multivariate linear regression investigating the association of accelerometer-based PA data with SI, by age group

From: Impact of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and muscle strength on bone stiffness in 2–10-year-old children-cross-sectional results from the IDEFICS study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3a

Model 4

 

Adjusted for age, sex, country

Model 1 + adjusted for FFM, MDP, daylight duration

Model 2 + adjusted for either PA or/and sedentary time

Model 3 + adjusted for muscle strength

 

β

p value

R2 (%)

β

p value

R2 (%)

β

p value

R2 (%)

β

p value

R2 (%)

Preschool children (N = 1512)

           

 Sedentary time (hour/day)

−0.84

0.010

17.9

−0.73

0.008

18.6

−0.37

0.28

19.1

   

 Light PA (hour/day)

0.11

0.77

17.5

−0.05

0.89

18.3

−0.47

0.26

18.6

   

 Moderate PA (per 10 min/day)

0.76

<.001

18.1

0.83

<.001

19.0

0.75

0.003

19.1

   

 Vigorous PA (per 10 min/day)

1.23

0.047

17.7

1.37

0.027

18.6

1.22

0.05

18.8

   

 MVPA (per 10 min/day)

0.59

0.001

18.1

0.65

<.001

19.0

0.58

0.003

19.0

   

 PA levels (per 100 cpm)

0.96

<.001

18.3

0.92

<.001

19.0

      

 FFM (kg)b

−0.41

<.001

17.9

−0.40

0.001

18.2

−0.40

<.001

19.0

   

School children (N = 2953)

           

 Sedentary time (hour/day)

−0.60

<.001

24.1

−0.77

<.001

25.9

−0.42

0.015

27.0

−0.44

0.011

27.2

 Light PA (hour/day)

0.26

0.17

23.8

0.43

0.025

25.5

0.004

0.98

25.9

0.09

0.69

26.3

 Moderate PA (per 10 min/day)

0.81

<.001

24.8

0.94

<.001

26.7

0.83

<.001

26.8

0.78

<.001

27.1

 Vigorous PA (per 10 min/day)

1.61

<.001

24.6

1.74

<.001

26.3

1.58

<.001

26.7

1.43

<.001

26.9

 MVPA (per 10 min/day)

0.65

<.001

24.9

0.73

<.001

26.8

0.66

<.001

26.9

0.61

<.001

27.2

 PA level (per 100 cpm)

0.84

<.001

24.7

1.02

<.001

26.7

   

0.96

<.001

27.0

 FFM (kg)

0.44

<.001

25.3

0.45

<.001

25.3

0.50

<.001

26.7

0.41

<.001

27.0

 Jumping distance (10 cm)

0.41

<.001

24.2

0.35

<.001

25.7

0.27

0.005

26.9

   

 Handgrip strength (kg)b

0.41

<.001

24.9

0.20

0.013

25.5

0.18

0.021

26.9

   
  1. cpm average counts per minute, FFM fat-free-mass, MDP milk and dairy products, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, PA physical activity
  2. aIn Model 3, the independent variables were (in addition to Model 2) adjusted as follows: sedentary time: moderate and vigorous PA; light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA and MVPA: sedentary time; musculoskeletal fitness and FFM: PA level; PA level: no additional adjustment for other accelerometer-based variables
  3. bIn Model 2, FFM was adjusted for MDP and daylight duration