Table 1 Characteristics of the children and mothers (n = 2,045)
Boys (n = 1,009) | Girls (n = 1,036) | |
|---|---|---|
Child characteristics | ||
Age at FFQ (months) | 12.8 (12.2 – 19.4) | 12.9 (12.2 – 19.1) |
SCB consumption (servings per week) | 7.1 (0 – 26.9) | 7.0 (0 – 26.0) |
Dietary energy intake (kcal/day) | 1314 (755 – 2098) | 1224 (720 – 2037) |
Diet quality score | 4.0 (1.9 – 6.4) | 3.8 (1.6 – 6.4) |
Breastfed (months) | 3.5 (0 – 12) | 3.5 (0 – 12) |
TV watching at age 2 years | ||
< 1 h/day | 50.1 % (505) | 52.9 % (548) |
> 1 h /day | 49.9 % (504) | 47.1 % (488) |
Age at 6 years visit (years) | 5.9 (5.6 – 6.5) | 5.9 (5.6 – 6.6) |
Weight (kg) | 22 (17.6 – 28.4) | 21.8 (17.4 – 29.4) |
Height (cm) | 118.5 (109.9 – 128.6) | 117.8 (108.4 – 128.5) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 15.7 (13.7 – 18.7) | 15.7 (13.6 – 19.2) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 100 (88 – 118) | 101 (88 – 121) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 59 (47 – 72) | 61 (48 – 74) |
Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 5.4 (4.0 – 7.6) | 5.4 (4.3 – 7.3) |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.31 (0.81 – 2.06) | 1.28 (0.81 – 2.01) |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.98 (0.38 – 2.32) | 0.99 (0.43 – 2.42) |
Insulin (pmol/l) | 116 (17 – 376) | 114 (18 – 429) |
Preperitoneal fat (cm2) | 0.34 (0.17 – 0.73) | 0.43 (0.20 – 0.95) |
Maternal characteristics | ||
Maternal age (years) | 32.3 (22.8 – 40.0) | 32.2 (22.7 – 39.7) |
Maternal BMI at enrollment (kg/m2) | 23.2 (18.3 – 34.6) | 23.4 (19.1 – 35.2) |
Educational level | ||
Lower | 33.2 % (331) | 34.4 % (353) |
Higher | 66.8 % (665) | 65.6 % (674) |
Folic acid use | ||
Never | 7.4 % (56) | 7.0 % (55) |
Periconceptionally | 63.1 % (475) | 63.1 % (231) |
Started in first 10 weeks | 29.5 % (222) | 29.4 % (501) |
Smoking during pregnancy | ||
Never smoked or quit when pregnancy was known | 88.3 % (802) | 90.8 % (862) |
Continued during pregnancy | 11.7 % (106) | 9.2 % (87) |