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Table 2 Risk of developing depressive symptoms according to domains of physical activity

From: Associations of leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activity with risk of depressive symptoms among Japanese workers: a cohort study

 

Unadjusted

P for trend

Model 1a

P for trend

Model 2b

P for trend

Model 3c

P for trend

Leisure-time exercise

        

MET hours per week

        

 0 (n = 17 704)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 >0 to < 3.75 (n = 2753)

0.98 (0.90, 1.06)

 

0.89 (0.82, 0.97)

 

0.90 (0.82, 0.98)

 

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

 

 3.75 to < 7.5 (n = 2627)

0.88 (0.81, 0.97)

 

0.84 (0.77, 0.92)

 

0.84 (0.77, 0.92)

 

0.90 (0.82, 0.98)

 

 7.5 to 16.5 (n = 3422)

0.85 (0.78, 0.92)

 

0.82 (0.76, 0.90)

 

0.82 (0.76, 0.89)

 

0.92 (0.84, 0.99)

 

 16.5 to < 25.5 (n = 1284)

0.73 (0.64, 0.84)

 

0.72 (0.63, 0.83)

 

0.72 (0.63, 0.83)

 

0.85 (0.74, 0.98)

 

 ≥25.5 (n = 1292)

0.85 (0.74, 0.96)

<0.001

0.79 (0.69, 0.90)

<0.001

0.80 (0.70, 0.91)

<0.001

0.95 (0.83, 1.08)

0.031

Occupational physical activity

        

 Sedentary (n = 17 125)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Standing or walking (n = 9579)

0.88 (0.84, 0.93)

 

0.86 (0.81, 0.92)

 

0.86 (0.81, 0.92)

 

0.98 (0.92, 1.04)

 

 Fairly active (n = 2378)

0.96 (0.88, 1.05)

0.002

0.90 (0.82, 0.99)

<0.001

0.91 (0.82, 1.00)

<0.001

1.01 (0.91, 1.12)

0.81

Walking to and from work, min

        

 0 to < 20 (n = 15 839)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 20 to < 40 (n = 9180)

0.98 (0.93, 1.04)

 

1.02 (0.96, 1.08)

 

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

 

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

 

 ≥40 (n = 4063)

0.92 (0.86, 0.99)

0.053

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

0.74

0.95 (0.88, 1.03)

0.38

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

0.54

  1. Data are shown as hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals)
  2. aAdjusted for age (year, continuous), sex, body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 to < 23 kg/m2, 23.0 to < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0 to < 30.0 kg/m2, or ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), smoking (non-smoker, smoker consuming 1 to < 10, 10–20, or ≥ 20 cigarettes per day), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, drinker consuming < 1, 1 to < 2, or ≥ 2 go of Japanese sake equivalent per day, where 1 go of Japanese sake contains approximately 23 g of ethanol), shift work (yes or no), overtime work (<45 h per month, 45 to < 60 h per month, 60 to < 80 h per month, 80 to < 100 h per month, or ≥ 100 h per month), job position (high or low), marital status (unmarried, married, or divorced or bereaved)
  3. bAdditionally adjusted for mutual relations (e.g., adjustment for occupational and commuting activity for leisure-time exercise)
  4. cFurther adjusted for baseline depression scores (continuous)