Table 2 Unadjusted mean (SE) body mass index (BMI, kg/m²), food group intake (times/day), meal behaviors (days/week), and prospective 1-year body mass index (BMI) change by wave

1

2

3

4

P-trend^a

Food group intake frequency (times/day)

  Fruit and vegetables

3.95 (0.16)

3.91 (0.12)

3.68 (0.12)

3.41 (0.15)

0.004

  Whole grains

--

1.24 (0.05)

1.19 (0.05)

1.00 (0.04)

<0.001

  Sugar-sweetened soda

1.10 (0.06)

1.02 (0.05)

0.98 (0.05)

0.82 (0.05)

<0.001

  Sweet and salty snacks

--

1.26 (0.04)

1.15 (0.04)

0.89 (0.04)

<0.001

  Family meals

2.54 (0.07)

2.27 (0.07)

2.02 (0.07)

--

<0.001

  Breakfast

4.45 (0.11)

4.29 (0.11)

4.41 (0.10)

3.84 (0.11)

<0.001

  Television during meals

3.34 (0.15)

2.99 (0.14)

2.91 (0.11)

--

<0.001

  Fast food

1.05 (0.06)

1.06 (0.06)

1.14 (0.07)

1.15 (0.07)

0.03

BMI (kg/m²)

23.74 (0.18)

24.32 (0.21)

24.76 (0.25)

25.27 (0.26)

<0.001

Prospective 1-y BMI change^b

0.58 (0.11)

0.44 (0.11)

0.51 (0.09)

--

0.66

Vigorous physical activity (hours/week)

3.06 (0.11)

2.78 (0.11)

2.69 (0.10)

2.65 (0.11)

<0.001