Trajectories of eating behaviors in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. adolescents during the transition to young adulthood

Lipsky, Leah M.; Haynie, Denise L.; Liu, Danping; Chaurasia, Ashok; Gee, Benjamin; Li, Kaigang; Iannotti, Ronald J.; Simons-Morton, Bruce

doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0298-x

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 4 Estimates (βest ± SE) from linear generalized estimating equations examining associations of time-varying meal practices (days/week) with baseline weight status^a,b

From: Trajectories of eating behaviors in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. adolescents during the transition to young adulthood

	Family meal		Breakfast		TV meals^c		Fast food
Independent variables	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P
Wave	−0.24 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.18 (0.05)	0.001	−0.22 (0.04)	<0.001	0.03 (0.02)	0.05
Baseline weight status (normal weight = reference)
Underweight	−0.09 (0.36)	0.80	0.10 (0.63)	0.87	−0.56 (0.42)	0.20	0.03 (0.25)	0.91
Overweight	−0.30 (0.12)	0.02	−0.42 (0.11)	0.001	0.10 (0.19)	0.60	0.04 (0.09)	0.69
Obese	−0.28 (0.20)	0.17	−0.24 (0.12)	0.06	0.13 (0.19)	0.51	−0.10 (0.09)	0.26
Baseline height (cm)	−0.008 (0.005)	0.17	0.006 (0.009)	0.48	−0.005 (0.008)	0.53	0.005 (0.004)	0.23
Sex (male = reference)	−0.13 (0.10)	0.18	0.18 (0.14)	0.22	−0.23 (0.15)	0.13	−0.15 (0.05)	0.01
Race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White = reference)
Non-Hispanic Black	−0.33 (0.15)	0.04	−0.30 (0.20)	0.13	1.47 (0.15)	<0.001	0.54 (0.08)	<0.001
Hispanic	−0.16 (0.12)	0.20	0.05 (0.21)	0.80	0.26 (0.19)	0.19	0.13 (0.13)	0.33
Other	0.07 (0.21)	0.72	−0.13 (0.26)	0.63	−0.21 (0.37)	0.58	−0.02 (0.15)	0.88
Family Affluence Score^d	0.07 (0.04)	0.046	0.01 (0.03)	0.68	−0.02 (0.04)	0.63	0.08 (0.02)	0.002
Parent education (<High school graduate = reference)
High school graduate	0.07 (0.17)	0.68	0.07 (0.25)	0.78	−0.12 (0.25)	0.64	0.05 (0.13)	0.68
Some college	0.10 (0.18)	0.60	−0.01 (0.28)	0.97	0.12 (0.29)	0.68	0.03 (0.12)	0.83
Bachelor’s degree	0.18 (0.23)	0.44	0.27 (0.29)	0.36	−0.26 (0.22)	0.25	−0.08 (0.11)	0.49
Graduate degree	0.29 (0.18)	0.13	0.50 (0.25)	0.07	−0.74 (0.21)	0.003	−0.17 (0.11)	0.16
Urbanicity (urban = reference)
Suburban	0.01 (0.15)	0.93	−0.03 (0.18)	0.88	0.03 (0.17)	0.86	0.02 (0.09)	0.81
Rural	−0.05 (0.13)	0.70	0.07 (0.18)	0.71	0.01 (0.16)	0.95	−0.13 (0.11)	0.26
Vigorous physical activity (hours/week)	0.07 (0.02)	<0.001	0.13 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.05 (0.02)	0.03	−0.02 (0.01)	0.15
Residual intraclass correlation^e	0.51		0.50		0.45		0.48

^aWeight status calculated according to Body Mass Index percentile cut-offs: <5 underweight; ≥5, <85 normal weight; ≥85, <95 overweight; ≥95 obese
^bSeparate models examining each eating behavior outcome, adjusted for all independent variables
^cWatching television during meals
^dRanging from 0 (low affluence) to 7 (high affluence)
^eEstimated from linear mixed models with same covariates as GEE models, calculated by dividing between-cluster variation by total variation

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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