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Table 3 Estimated overall intervention effects (regression coefficients (b) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI)) for fruit and vegetable intake and consumption of unhealthy snacks and for each follow-up assessment based on mixed models

From: One year of free school fruit in Norway – 7 years of follow-up

 

model 1a

model 2b

 

b

95 % CI

p-value

b

95 % CI

p-value

Fruit and vegetable intake (portions/day)

 Overall effect

0.44

(0.10;

0.77)

0.012

0.34

(−0.01;

0.68)

0.057

 Follow-up 1 (2002)

0.65

(0.14;

1.16)

0.012

0.51

(−0.02;

1.04)

0.059

 Follow-up 2 (2005)

0.28

(−0.24;

0.79)

0.289

0.15

(−0.38;

0.68)

0.572

 Follow-up 3 (2009)

0.35

(−0.13;

0.84)

0.152

0.31

(−0.19;

0.82)

0.223

Fruit and vegetable intake (times/week)

 Overall effect

1.31

(0.20;

2.43)

0.021

1.52

(0.40;

2.65)

0.008

 Follow-up 1 (2002)

1.38

(−0.21;

2.97)

0.089

1.53

(−0.06;

3.11)

0.059

 Follow-up 2 (2005)

1.74

(0.14;

3.33)

0.033

1.99

(0.40;

3.58)

0.014

 Follow-up 3 (2009)

0.88

(−0.63;

2.39)

0.254

1.09

(−0.42;

2.60)

0.158

Unhealthy snacks (times/week) Lower educated

 Overall effect

−1.23

(−2.24;

−0.22)

0.017

−1.54

(−2.54;

−0.53)

0.003

 Follow-up 1 (2002)

−0.78

(−2.28;

0.71)

0.302

−0.87

(−2.32;

0.57)

0.234

 Follow-up 2 (2005)

−0.97

(−2.46;

0.52)

0.202

−1.65

(−3.09;

−0.20)

0.026

 Follow-up 3 (2009)

−1.88

(−3.31;

−0.45)

0.010

−2.02

(−3.41;

−0.64)

0.004

Higher educated

 Overall effect

−0.21

(−1.06;

0.63)

0.617

−0.22

(−1.06;

0.62)

0.606

 Follow-up 1 (2002)

−0.51

(−1.72;

0.70)

0.409

−0.53

(−1.74;

0.69)

0.395

 Follow-up 2 (2005)

−0.60

(−1.82;

0.61)

0.331

−0.50

(−1.71;

0.72)

0.425

 Follow-up 3 (2009)

0.44

(−0.72;

1.61)

0.445

0.35

(−0.82;

1.52)

0.558

  1. aadjusted for baseline intake and with random intercept for individual and school
  2. bfurther adjusted for sex and parental education