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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of 9 individual cohort studies included in the meta-analysis, n = 119,396 participants
| Cohort | Country | N | Mean age | % male | Mean time to T2D event (Years) | % Incident cases T2D (Absolute number) | PA categories % (Absolute number) | BMI categories % (Absolute number) | Mean BMI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) [18] | Australia | 9599 | 49.6 | 0 % | 4.9 | 4.6 % (441) | Low = 17.7 % (1695) | underweight = 1.6 % (140) | 26.2 |
| Med = 25.8 % (2474) | normal weight = 47.8 % (4592) | |||||||||
| High = 56.6 % (5430) | mod overweight = 31.6 % (3036) | |||||||||
| obese = 19.1 % (1831) | ||||||||||
| 2 | The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (AusDiab) [24] | Australia | 4327 | 47.1 | 46 % | 4.3 | 3.0 % (130) | Low = 39.6 % (1712) | underweight = 0.8 % (35) | 26.5 |
| Med = 57.8 % (2503) | normal weight = 40.4 % (1748) | |||||||||
| High = 2.6 % (112) | mod overweight = 39.5 % (1709) | |||||||||
| obese = 19.3 % (835) | ||||||||||
| 3 | British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) [16] | United Kingdom | 4720 | 49.3 | 100 % | 7.0 | 1.7 % (82) | Low = 31.3 % (2547) | underweight = 0.4 % (19) | 25.4 |
| Med = 14.8 % (698) | normal weight = 46.4 % (2188) | |||||||||
| High = 54.0 % (2547) | mod overweight = 46.3 % (2184) | |||||||||
| obese = 7.0 % (329) | ||||||||||
| 4 | Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS) [17] | United Kingdom | 2034 | 56.6 | 100 % | 4.7 | 4.9 % (99) | Low = 0 % (0) | underweight = 1.2 % (25) | 26.4 |
| Med = 18.6 % (378) | normal weight = 32.5 % (660) | |||||||||
| High = 81.4 % (1656) | mod overweight = 52.4 % (1065) | |||||||||
| obese = 14.0 % (284) | ||||||||||
| 5 | Cancer prevention study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II) | United States | 86368 | 58.7 | 42 % | 6.3 | 11.5 % (9948) | Low = 1.3 % (1119) | underweight = 1.1 % (969) | 26.1 |
| Med = 30.3 % (26166) | normal weight = 43.8 % (37851) | |||||||||
| High = 68.4 % (59083) | mod overweight = 39.5 % (34123) | |||||||||
| obese = 15.5 % (13425) | ||||||||||
| 6 | Doetinchem Cohort Study [25] | The Netherlands | 3401 | 46.7 | 44 % | 5.6 | 2.0 % (67) | Low =0.7 % (24) | underweight = 0.8 % (27) | 25.6 |
| Med = 2.1 % (71) | normal weight = 47.2 % (1605) | |||||||||
| High = 97 % (3306) | mod overweight = 40.7 % (1383) | |||||||||
| obese = 11.4 % (386) | ||||||||||
| 7 | Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) | Finland | 1087 | 51.7 | 100 % | 4.2 | 5.1 % (55) | Low = 0.6 % (6) | underweight = 0.1 % (1) | 26.8 |
| Med = 11.4 % (124) | normal weight = 34.4 % (374) | |||||||||
| High = 88 % (957) | mod overweight = 50.4 % (548) | |||||||||
| obese = 15.1 % (164) | ||||||||||
| 8 | Physical Activity Longitudinal Study (PALS) [19] | Canada | 1487 | 41.0 | 48 % | 8.8 | 2.2 % (32) | Low = 2.1 % (31) | underweight = 2.2 % (32) | 25.2 |
| Med = 30 % (446) | normal weight = 50.7 % (754) | |||||||||
| High = 67.9 % (1010) | mod overweight = 36.3 % (540) | |||||||||
| obese = 10.8 % (161) | ||||||||||
| 9 | Whitehall-II study (WH-II) [26] | United Kingdom | 4855 | 49.1 | 70 % | 8.5 | 7.9 % (383) | Low = 0 % (0) | underweight = 0.95 (46) | 25.3 |
| Med = 10 % (508) | normal weight = 51.99 (2524) | |||||||||
| High = 89.5 % (4347) | mod overweight = 38.00 (1845) | |||||||||
| obese = 9.06 (440) |
