Table 4 Associations between socio-demographic variables and percentage of energy from processed-food groups; UK National Diet & Nutrition Survey, 2008-12
% energy from unprocessed or minimally processed foods | % energy from processed ingredients | % energy from unprocessed or minimally processed foods AND processed ingredients | % energy from ultra-processed food products | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Level | % energy, mean (95 % CI)1 | Adjusted2 coefficient (95% CI) | % energy, mean (95 % CI) | Adjusted coefficient (95 % CI) | % energy, mean (95 % CI) | Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) | % energy, mean (95 % CI) | Adjusted coefficient (95 % CI) |
Gender | Male | 26.2 (25.4 to 27.1) | Reference | 13.2 (12.6 to 13.8) | Reference | 39.4 (38.4 to 40.4) | Reference | 53.3 (52.3 to 54.4) | Reference |
Female | 29.3 (28.6 to 30.0) | 2.28 (1.21 to 3.34) | 13.5 (13.0 to 14.1) | −0.36 (−1.15 to 0.44) | 42.9 (51.9 to 53.7) | 1.92 (0.62 to 3.22) | 52.8 (51.9 to 53.7) | −1.38 (−2.67 to −0.09) | |
Occupational social class | Managerial & prof. | 28.4 (27.6 to 29.2) | Reference | 12.9 (12.3 to 13.4) | Reference | 41.3 (40.3 to 42.3) | Reference | 52.0 (51.0 to 53.0) | Reference |
Intermediate | 28.4 (27.3 to 29.4) | −0.83 (−2.10 to 0.44) | 13.5 (12.8 to 14.2) | 0.17 (−0.73 to 1.06) | 41.9 (40.7 to 43.1) | −0.66 (−2.14 to 0.81) | 53.3 (52.1 to 54.5) | 0.34 (−1.12 to 1.79) | |
Routine & manual | 26.2 (25.2 to 27.3) | −2.62 (−3.88 to −1.35) | 13.8 (12.9 to 14.7) | 0.56 (−0.48 to 1.59) | 40.0 (38.5 to 41.5) | −2.06 (−3.73 to −0.39) | 54.7 (53.2 to 56.1) | 1.60 (−0.05 to 3.26) | |
Age group3 | 18–29 years | 23.5 (21.9 to 25.0) | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.19) | 13.2 (12.1 to 14.3) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 36.2 (34.3 to 38.0) | 0.18 (0.15 to 0.22) | 58.2 (56.3 to 60.2) | −0.18 (−0.21 to −0.14) |
30–39 years | 25.7 (24.6 to 26.8) | 13.2 (12.4 to 14.0) | 38.9 (37.5 to 40.2) | 55.9 (54.5 to 57.3) | |||||
40–49 years | 27.1 (25.9 to 28.2) | 13.4 (12.5 to 14.3) | 40.4 (39.0 to 41.9) | 52.2 (50.7 to 53.6) | |||||
50–59 years | 29.7 (28.4 to 30.9) | 13.4 (12.2 to 14.5) | 43.0 (41.3 to 44.8) | 49.7 (48.1 to 51.3) | |||||
60–69 years | 32.5 (31.3 to 33.7) | 12.7 (11.8 to 13.6) | 45.2 (43.8 to 46.5) | 49.0 (47.5 to 50.5) | |||||
70+ years | 31.4 (30.1 to 32.7) | 14.6 (13.7 to 15.5) | 46.0 (44.5 to 47.5) | 50.6 (49.0 to 52.2) | |||||
All | 27.8 (27.3 to 28.4) | NA | 13.4 (13.0 to 13.8) | NA | 41.2 (40.5 to 41.9) | 53.1 (52.4 to 53.7) | NA | ||