Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality: evidence from a large Australian cohort study

Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of all-cause mortality by quartiles of intake for fruit and vegetables by effect modifiers

Effect value for significant interactions	Quartiles^a
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		P for interaction
	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI
Fruit and vegetable intake^a
Male	1.0	Reference	1.03	(0.95,1.12)	0.97	(0.88,1.06)	1.01	(0.92,1.11)	0.002
Female	1.0	Reference	0.89	(0.79,0.99)	0.80	(0.71,0.91)	0.76	(0.67,0.85)	0.002
Fruit intake^a
45 to 59 years	1.0	Reference	0.83	(0.68,1.01)	0.88	(0.72,1.08)	0.86	(0.69,1.07)	0.045
60 to 74 years	1.0	Reference	0.84	(0.73,0.98)	0.80	(0.68,0.93)	0.82	(0.69,0.96)
≥75 years	1.0	Reference	1.13	(0.98,1.30)	1.05	(0.91,1.21)	0.98	(0.84,1.13)
Vegetable intake^a
Male	1.0	Reference	0.94	(0.86,1.04)	0.94	(0.86,1.03)	1.04	(0.94,1.14)	0.012
Female	1.0	Reference	0.94	(0.77,1.14)	0.84	(0.76,0.93)	0.82	(0.73,0.92)

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, Q quartile
^aThe quartiles of intake for fruit and vegetables (servings/day) were as follows: Fruit and vegetables combined: Q1: <4.0; Q2: 4 to ≤ 5.0; Q3: 5.0 to ≤7.0; Q4: >7.0. Fruit: Q1: <1.0; Q2: 1.0 to <2.0; Q3: 2.0 to <2.3; Q4: ≥2.3. Vegetables: Q1: ≤2.0; Q2: 2.0 to ≤3.0; Q3: 3.0 to ≤5.0, Q4: >5.0