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Table 2 Results of linear regression models estimating associations between Bike Score® and componentsa, and cycling mode shareb

From: Bike Score®: Associations between urban bikeability and cycling behavior in 24 cities

  

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Unadjusted estimates

Bike score + City Term

Bike Score Components +

Bike Score Categorical

  

City Term

 

β (95 % CI)

β (95 % CI)

β (95 % CI)

β (95 % CI)

Intercept

 

−2.6 (-2.9 to -2.3)

−4.4 (−5.1 to −3.8)

−1.4 (−2.4 to −0.3)

Bike Score (10-unit change)

0.6 (0.6 to 0.7)

0.5 (0.5 to 0.6)

  

Destinations/Connectivity Score (10-unit change)

0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)

 

0.4 (0.3 to 0.4)

 

Bike Lane Score (10-unit change)

0.3 (0.3 to 0.3)

 

0.2 (0.2 to 0.2)

 

Hill Score (10-unit change)

−0.1 (−0.2 to −0.1)

 

0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)

 

Bike Score (categorical)

    

 0 to 25

0 (Reference)

  

0 (Reference)

 >25 to 50

−0.2 (−1.3 to 1.0)

  

1.1 (0.1 to 2.2)

 >50 to 75

0.8 (−0.3 to 2.0)

  

1.8 (0.8 to 2.9)

 >75 to 90

2.0 (0.8 to 3.1)

  

2.6 (1.5 to 3.6)

 >90 to 100

3.5 (2.3 to 4.7)

  

4.0 (2.9 to 5.0)

City

    

 New York, New York

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Ann Arbor, Michigan

 

2.3 (1.3 to 3.2)

3.4 (2.5 to 4.4)

2.5 (1.5 to 3.4)

 Austin, Texas

 

2.0 (1.5 to 2.4)

2.8 (2.3 to 3.2)

1.8 (1.3 to 2.2)

 Boston, Massachusetts

 

0.5 (0.4 to 0.9)

0.6 (0.2 to 1.0)

0.5 (0.1 to 0.9)

 Calgary, Alberta

 

0.0 (−0.4 to 0.4)

1.5 (1.0 to 1.9)

0.3 (−0.1 to 0.6)

 Chicago, Illinois

 

0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)

0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)

0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)

 Eugene, Oregon

 

9.3 (8.3 to 10.2)

10.3 (9.3 to 11.2)

9.4 (8.4 to 10.3)

 Fort Collins, Colorado

 

6.2 (5.3 to 7.1)

7.5 (6.6 to 8.4)

6.3 (5.3 to 7.2)

 Halifax, Nova Scotia

 

3.1 (2.0 to 4.2)

3.7 (2.6 to 4.8)

3.3 (2.2 to 4.4)

 Madison, Wisconsin

 

5.0 (4.3 to 5.8)

5.9 (5.1 to 6.6)

5.1 (4.4 to 5.8)

 Minneapolis, Minnesota

 

2.6 (2.0 to 3.1)

3.0 (2.5 to 3.5)

2.7 (2.2 to 3.2)

 Moncton, New Brunswick

 

0.5 (−0.9 to 1.8)

1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)

0.3 (−1.1 to 1.6)

 Montréal, Québec

 

3.4 (3.1 to 3.7)

3.7 (3.3 to 4.0)

3.4 (3.1 to 3.8)

 Portland, Oregon

 

5.4 (4.9 to 5.9)

5.8 (5.4 to 6.3)

5.4 (5.0 to 5.9)

 San Francisco, California

 

1.7 (1.3 to 2.1)

2.1 (1.6 to 2.5)

1.8 (1.4 to 2.2)

 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

 

0.8 (0.0 to 1.6)

2.1 (1.3 to 3.0)

1.0 (0.2 to 1.8)

 Seattle, Washington

 

2.8 (2.4 to 3.3)

3.3 (2.8 to 3.8)

2.8 (2.3 to 3.3)

 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador

 

0.3 (−0.8 to 1.4)

1.1 (−0.2 to 2.1)

10.6 (−0.2 to 21.4)

 Tempe, Arizona

 

2.8 (1.9 to 3.7)

3.6 (2.8 to 4.5)

3.1 (2.2 to 3.9)

 Toronto, Ontario

 

1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)

1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)

1.3 (1.0 to 1.5)

 Tucson, Arizona

 

1.4 (0.9 to 1.9)

2.4 (1.9 to 3.0)

1.4 (0.9 to 1.9)

 Vancouver, British-Columbia

 

2.8 (2.3 to 3.3)

3.0 (2.5 to 3.6)

2.9 (2.4 to 3.4)

 Victoria, British-Columbia

 

10.4 (9.1 to 11.6)

10.4 (9.2 to 11.7)

10.3 (9.0 to 11.6)

 Washington, DC

 

1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)

2.1 (1.6 to 2.5)

1.7 (1.3 to 2.1)

Adj-R2

0.12 (Bike Score, unadjusted)

0.35

0.36

0.34

AIC

12627

11035

10870

 
  1. Data for 5664 Census Tracts in 24 Cities. Coefficients represent % mode share. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)
  2. aBike Score spatial data provided from Walk Score (May 2012 release); analysis here includes 3 components (Bike Lane Score, Hill Score, Destinations and Connectivity Score); spatial data aggregated to the census tract in ArcGIS
  3. bCensus tract level Journey to work Bicycle Mode Share (% commute by bike for workers aged 16 years and older) -American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (2012 5-year estimates), U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey; CA data is 2011 National Household Survey, Census tract level Journey to work Bicycle Mode Share for population aged 15 years and older with a usual place of work