From: Bike Score®: Associations between urban bikeability and cycling behavior in 24 cities
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted estimates | Bike score + City Term | Bike Score Components + | Bike Score Categorical | |
City Term | ||||
β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | |
Intercept | −2.6 (-2.9 to -2.3) | −4.4 (−5.1 to −3.8) | −1.4 (−2.4 to −0.3) | |
Bike Score (10-unit change) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.6) | ||
Destinations/Connectivity Score (10-unit change) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | ||
Bike Lane Score (10-unit change) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | ||
Hill Score (10-unit change) | −0.1 (−0.2 to −0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | ||
Bike Score (categorical) | ||||
0 to 25 | 0 (Reference) | 0 (Reference) | ||
>25 to 50 | −0.2 (−1.3 to 1.0) | 1.1 (0.1 to 2.2) | ||
>50 to 75 | 0.8 (−0.3 to 2.0) | 1.8 (0.8 to 2.9) | ||
>75 to 90 | 2.0 (0.8 to 3.1) | 2.6 (1.5 to 3.6) | ||
>90 to 100 | 3.5 (2.3 to 4.7) | 4.0 (2.9 to 5.0) | ||
City | ||||
New York, New York | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Ann Arbor, Michigan | 2.3 (1.3 to 3.2) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.4) | 2.5 (1.5 to 3.4) | |
Austin, Texas | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.4) | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.2) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.2) | |
Boston, Massachusetts | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.9) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.9) | |
Calgary, Alberta | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.4) | 1.5 (1.0 to 1.9) | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.6) | |
Chicago, Illinois | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | |
Eugene, Oregon | 9.3 (8.3 to 10.2) | 10.3 (9.3 to 11.2) | 9.4 (8.4 to 10.3) | |
Fort Collins, Colorado | 6.2 (5.3 to 7.1) | 7.5 (6.6 to 8.4) | 6.3 (5.3 to 7.2) | |
Halifax, Nova Scotia | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.2) | 3.7 (2.6 to 4.8) | 3.3 (2.2 to 4.4) | |
Madison, Wisconsin | 5.0 (4.3 to 5.8) | 5.9 (5.1 to 6.6) | 5.1 (4.4 to 5.8) | |
Minneapolis, Minnesota | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.1) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.5) | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2) | |
Moncton, New Brunswick | 0.5 (−0.9 to 1.8) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9) | 0.3 (−1.1 to 1.6) | |
Montréal, Québec | 3.4 (3.1 to 3.7) | 3.7 (3.3 to 4.0) | 3.4 (3.1 to 3.8) | |
Portland, Oregon | 5.4 (4.9 to 5.9) | 5.8 (5.4 to 6.3) | 5.4 (5.0 to 5.9) | |
San Francisco, California | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.5) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) | |
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | 0.8 (0.0 to 1.6) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.8) | |
Seattle, Washington | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.3) | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.8) | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.3) | |
St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.3 (−0.8 to 1.4) | 1.1 (−0.2 to 2.1) | 10.6 (−0.2 to 21.4) | |
Tempe, Arizona | 2.8 (1.9 to 3.7) | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.5) | 3.1 (2.2 to 3.9) | |
Toronto, Ontario | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.5) | |
Tucson, Arizona | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | 2.4 (1.9 to 3.0) | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | |
Vancouver, British-Columbia | 2.8 (2.3 to 3.3) | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.6) | 2.9 (2.4 to 3.4) | |
Victoria, British-Columbia | 10.4 (9.1 to 11.6) | 10.4 (9.2 to 11.7) | 10.3 (9.0 to 11.6) | |
Washington, DC | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.5) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) | |
Adj-R2 | 0.12 (Bike Score, unadjusted) | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.34 |
AIC | 12627 | 11035 | 10870 |