Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (total group and stratified by age; total numbers and percentages)

	2- < 4 years		4- < 6 years		6- < 8 years		8- < 10 years		All
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Country
Italy	174	36.2	284	39	378	35.8	196	40.3	1032	37.5
Estonia	48	10	81	11.1	125	11.8	98	20.2	352	12.8
Cyprus	12	2.5	28	3.8	83	7.9	14	2.9	137	5
Belgium	26	5.4	33	4.5	30	2.8	2	0.4	91	3.3
Sweden	96	20	93	12.8	134	12.7	68	14	391	14.2
Germany	57	11.9	111	15.2	143	13.5	46	9.5	357	13
Hungary	28	5.8	41	5.6	89	8.4	51	10.5	209	7.6
Spain	40	8.3	58	8	75	7.1	11	2.3	184	6.7
ISCED-Level of parents^a
Low Education	44	9.1	69	9.5	86	8.1	52	10.7	251	9.1
Medium Education	250	52	421	57.8	582	55.1	284	58.4	1537	55.8
High Education	187	38.9	239	32.8	389	36.8	150	30.9	965	35.1
Sex of the child
Boys	259	53.8	403	55.3	544	51.5	221	45.5	1427	51.8
Girls	222	46.2	326	44.7	513	48.5	265	54.5	1326	48.2
Weight group
Underweight	55	11.4	85	11.7	92	8.7	40	8.2	272	9.9
Normal weight	361	75.1	491	67.4	699	66.1	300	61.7	1851	67.2
Overweight	52	10.8	98	13.4	171	16.2	92	18.9	413	15.0
Obese	13	2.7	55	7.5	95	9.0	54	11.1	217	7
Study region
Intervention region	273	56.8	416	57.1	548	51.8	254	52.3	1491	54.2
Control region	208	43.2	313	42.9	509	48.2	232	47.7	1262	45.8
All	481	100	729	100	1057	100	486	100	2753	100

^a International Standard Classification of Education Maximum (ISCED); maximum of both parents (0, 1, 2 = low education; 3, 4 = medium education; 5, 6 = high education)

ISSN: 1479-5868