Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

Table 3 Cross-sectional effect of age, height and sex-adjusted residuals of energy intake at baseline (1unit ~ 100 kcal) on BMI z-score at baseline stratified by sex and age group at baseline

	Boys		Girls		2- < 4 years		4- < 6 years		6- < 8 years		8- < 10 years		All
	(N = 1427)		(N = 1326)		(N = 481)		(N = 729)		(N = 1057)		(N = 486)		(N = 2753)
	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE	ß_EI	SE
	99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI		99 % CI
Model 1	0.11	0.03	0.06	0.03	-0.02	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.11	0.03	0.15	0.04	0.09	0.02
Model 1	0.04 - 0.18		-0.02 - 0.13		-0.14 - 0.10		-0.04 - 0.18		0.03 - 0.19		0.04 - 0.25		0.04 - 0.14
Model 2	0.11	0.03	0.06	0.03	-0.01	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.10	0.03	0.12	0.04	0.09	0.02
Model 2	0.04 - 0.18		-0.01 - 0.14		-0.13 - 0.10		-0.02 - 0.19		0.02 - 0.18		0.02 - 0.22		0.04 - 0.14
Model 3	0.13	0.03	0.04	0.03	-0.02	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.14	0.05	0.09	0.20
Model 3	0.05 - 0.21		-0.05 - 0.12		-0.18 - 0.13		-0.04 - 0.21		-0.02 - 0.17		0.02 - 0.26		0.03 - 0.15

Model 1) is the crude model adjusted for age, sex, country, if not stratified by age/sex, respectively
Model 2) moreover includes maximum parental ISCED level, parental BMI and screen time
Model 3) moreover includes MVPA (subgroup analysis; N = 1, 933)
(Models stratified by sex are not adjusted for sex)
ß _EI Estimate for EI, SE Standard Error, 99 % CI 99 % Confidence Interval

ISSN: 1479-5868