Table 1 Baseline sample characteristics, by randomized condition assignment, n (%) unless otherwise noted

 Age (years), M (SD)

42.1 (13.4)

41.7 (13.4)

42.4 (13.3)

F = 0.17 p = 0.68

 Age 18–24

37 (13)

22 (15)

15 (10)

χ² = 1.35 p = 0.72

 Age 24–44

134 (45)

67 (44)

67 (46)

 Age 45–64

118 (40)

59 (39)

59 (41)

 Age ≥65

7 (2)

3 (2)

4 (3)

 Male

56 (19)

30 (20)

26 (18)

χ² = 0.18 p = 0.67

 Female

240 (81)

121 (80)

119 (82)

 Caucasian

275 (93)

137 (91)

138 (95)

χ² = 2.22 p = 0.14

 African American

13 (4)

10 (6)

3 (2)

 More than one race

7 (2.5)

3 (2)

4 (3)

 Other

1 (0.5)

1 (1)

0 (0)

 Hispanic/Latina

3 (1)

2 (1)

1 (0.5)

χ² = 0.48 p = 0.79

  ≤ 14,999

126 (43)

69 (46)

57 (39)

χ² = 6.89 p = 0.08

 15,000–34,999

94 (32)

52 (35)

42 (29)

 35,000–54,999

39 (13)

18 (12)

21 (15)

  ≥ 55,000

37 (12)

12 (8)

25 (17)

 Employed full or part time

144 (49)

67 (44)

77 (53)

χ² = 2.26 p = 0.13

 Unable to work/on disability

51 (17)

31 (21)

20 (14)

χ² = 2.35 p = 0.13

 At least 1 child in household

149 (50)

77 (49)

72 (50)

χ² = 0.05 p = 0.82

 No children in household

147 (50)

74 (51)

73 (50)

 </=High school graduate

93 (31)

49 (32.5)

44 (30)

χ² = 0.15 p = 0.70

 Some college or greater

203 (69)

102 (67.5)

101 (70)

 Weight (kg), M (SD)

90.6 (25.4)

90.7 (26.4)

90.4 (24.3)

F = 0.01 p = 0.93

 BMI (kg/m²), M (SD)

33.0 (9.1)

33.3 (9.3)

32.7 (9.0)

F = 0.24 p = 0.62

 Underweight (≤18.4)

5 (2)

3 (2)

2 (1.5)

χ² = 1.45 p = 0.92

 Normal weight (18.5–24.9)

59 (20)

28 (19)

31 (21)

 Overweight (25–29.9)

64 (22)

34 (23)

30 (21)

 Obese (≥30)

168 (57)

86 (57)

82 (57)

  Obese class 1 (30–34.9)

60 (20)

30 (20)

30 (21)

  Obese class 2 (35–39.9)

43 (15)

20 (13)

23 (16)

  Obese class 3 (≥40)

65 (22)

36 (24)

29 (20)

Current Smoker

94 (32)

53 (35)

41 (28)

χ² = 1.59 p = 0.21

 High likelihood or Possibility of limited HL (score 0–3)

97 (33)

55 (36)

42 (29)

χ² = 1.87 p = 0.18

 Adequate HL (score 4–6)

199 (67)

96 (64)

103 (71)