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Table 2 Mixed effects estimates on work and domestic PA levels (MET-hrs/wk) among Chinese adult men, coefficient (95 % CI)

From: Age, period and cohort effects on adult physical activity levels from 1991 to 2011 in China

Men

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Age

7.99 (6.65,9.33)

8.66 (7.43,9.9)

7.67 (6.39,8.95)

8.32 (7.02,9.61)

Age- squared

−0.10 (−0.12,-0.09)

−0.11 (−0.12,-0.09)

−0.09 (−0.11,-0.08)

−0.10 (−0.11,-0.08)

Survey year (ref: 1991)

    

 1993

−137.22 (−160.59,−113.86)

−110.57 (−135.29,−85.85)

−97.37 (−122.23,−72.50)

−84.94 (−110.60,−59.28)

 1997

−163.83 (−190.22,−137.43)

−128.64 (−156.41,−100.86)

−83.24 (−111.03,−55.44)

−92.15 (−121.13,−63.17)

 2000

−208.57 (−235.59,−181.56)

−147.80 (−176.52,−119.09)

−94.38 (−122.67,−66.09)

−91.75 (−121.94,−61.56)

 2004

−179.27 (−211.60,−146.94)

−96.50 (−129.25,−63.75)

−47.66 (−81.60,−13.73)

−28.36 (−63.38,6.67)

 2006

−164.98 (−201.06,−128.91)

−76.11 (−111.48,−40.74)

−14.30 (−52.31,23.70)

−6.40 (−44.14,31.35)

 2009

−226.34 (−261.10,−191.59)

−157.02 (−189.40,−124.65)

−73.00 (−108.66,−37.33)

−98.68 (−133.43,−63.93)

 2011

−213.19 (−251.38,−175.00)

−113.61 (−148.50,−78.73)

−28.35 (−67.44,10.74)

−41.33 (−78.83,−3.83)

1993*Age

0.1 0 (−0.42,0.62)

0.01 (−0.53,0.55)

−0.09 (−0.65,0.47)

−0.27 (−0.84,0.30)

1997*Age

1.06 (0.46,1.66)

0.75 (0.13,1.37)

0.55 (−0.08,1.18)

0.36 (−0.30,1.01)

2000*Age

0.86 (0.26,1.47)

0.18 (−0.45,0.81)

0.40 (−0.23,1.03)

−0.35 (−1.02,0.31)

2004*Age

−0.43 (−1.12,0.26)

−0.74 (−1.44,−0.03)

−0.77 (−1.49,−0.06)

−1.39 (−2.14,−0.64)

2006*Age

−0.65 (−1.40,0.10)

−1.20 (−1.94,−0.46)

−1.00 (−1.78,−0.22)

−1.74 (−2.53,−0.95)

2009*Age

0.29 (−0.43,1.02)

0.14 (−0.55,0.82)

0.11 (−0.62,0.84)

−0.29 (−1.01,0.43)

2011*Age

0.01 (−0.76,0.78)

−0.59 (−1.30,0.13)

−0.50 (−1.28,0.27)

−1.25 (−2.00,−0.49)

Inverse Mill’s Ratio

−6.3 (−6.95,−5.66)

−4.44 (−5.06,−3.82)

−4.56 (−5.21,−3.90)

−3.62 (−4.25,−3.00)

Household income

  

0.00 (0.00,0.00)

0.00 (0.00,0.00)

Bicycle ownership

  

6.14 (0.23,12.04)

10.29 (4.56,16.03)

Vehicle ownership

  

−13.06 (−19.00,−7.11)

−6.53 (−12.43,−0.64)

TV and computer ownership

  

−39.67 (−48.30,−31.04)

−14.43 (−23.12,−5.74)

Household size

  

3.23 (1.44,5.02)

−1.85 (−3.60,−0.11)

Community Urbanicity

  

−5.01 (−5.19,−4.83)

−1.80 (−1.99,−1.60)

Overweight/Obese

 

−11.61 (−17.95,−5.27)

 

−10.08 (−16.6,−3.56)

Occupation (ref: professional job)

    

 Farmer

 

322.89 (314.63,331.15)

 

305.44 (296.18,314.70)

 officer/soldier/athlete

 

54.74 (27.66,81.83)

 

64.05 (35.92,92.19)

 Unskilled worker

 

188.91 (179.61,198.21)

 

185.47 (175.93,195.00)

 Skilled worker

 

84.52 (75.66,93.38)

 

85.98 (76.99,94.97)

 Other occupation

 

49.06 (36.36,61.77)

 

48.01 (34.47,61.55)

Married

 

7.40 (2.53,12.28)

 

5.69 (0.61,10.76)

Education (ref: < primary school)

    

 Middle and high school

 

−7.25 (−13.72,−0.78)

 

−2.35 (−8.97,4.28)

 College and above

 

−27.82 (−41.23,−14.41)

 

−8.94 (−22.78,4.9)

Number of observations

28002

21675

25262

20039

Number of individuals

7042

6601

6923

6456

  1. Notes: Data from CHNS 1991–2011; bold values denote statistical significance at p < 0.05
  2. Model 1 included age and age-squared, indicator variables representing survey year, and age and age-squared interacted with survey year
  3. Model 2 layers on individual level covariates (occupation, weight status, marital status, education to model 1
  4. Model 3 layers on household socio-economic measures such as household income, household size, household ownership and urbanization index to model 1
  5. Model 4 includes the full set of variables