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Table 2 Effect of intervention on primary and secondary outcomes at 12th month follow-up: completer analysis

From: School-based intervention to enable school children to act as change agents on weight, physical activity and diet of their mothers: a cluster randomized controlled trial

 

Intervention group

Control group

Between-group difference at follow-up

Outcomes (primary/secondary)

n

Mean (SD), median (IQR) or number (percentage)

Mean (SD) or median (IQR) of change from baseline

n

Mean (SD), median (IQR) or number (percentage)

Mean (SD) or median (IQR) of change from baseline

Difference in means or odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)a

P value

Continuous outcomes (primary)

 Weight (kg)

136

54.8 (10.0)

−1.7 (2.8)

125

56.6 (9.6)

0.9 (2.7)

−2.49 (−3.38, −1.60)

<0.0001

 BMI (kg/m2)

136

23.7 (4.4)

−0.7 (1.2)

125

24.4 (4.1)

0.3 (1.2)

−0.99 (−1.40, −0.58)

<0.0001

 No. of daily steps

122

8026 (5750, 9919)

348 (−3340, 3238)

100

4999 (3446, 7103)

−1588 (−3334, 915)

-

<0.0001

Continuous outcomes (secondary)

Household purchase (per month)

  Cooking oil (bottles)

134

2 (1, 4)

0 (−1, 1)

125

2 (1, 4)

0 (−1, 2)

-

0.22

  Sugar (kg)

136

3 (2, 4)

−1 (−3, 0)

125

4 (2, 6)

0 (−1, 2)

-

0.86

  Biscuits (packets)

136

4 (1, 10)

−3 (−12, 1)

125

8 (5, 10)

0 (−11, 6)

-

<0.0001

  Ice cream (litters)

136

1 (0, 2)

0 (−2, 0)

125

3 (1, 5)

1 (−1, 3)

-

0.03

Binary outcomes (primary)

Physical activity

  Adequate (≥5359 MET-min/week)

133

67 (50.4)

 

125

29 (23.2)

 

3.25 (1.87, 5.62)

<0.0001

Dietary intake (>4 days/week)

  Green leafy vegetables

136

101 (74.3)

 

125

84 (67.2)

 

1.47 (0.54, 3.98)

0.45

  Other vegetables

136

96 (70.6)

 

125

84 (67.2)

 

1.30 (0.53, 3.18)

0.57

  Citrus fruits

136

47 (34.6)

 

125

41 (32.8)

 

1.09 (0.62, 1.94)

0.77

  Yellow fruits

136

58 (42.7)

 

125

46 (36.8)

 

1.38 (0.74, 2.56)

0.31

  Other fruits

136

76 (55.9)

 

125

48 (38.4)

 

2.10 (0.94, 4.68)

0.07

  Whole grain product

136

42 (30.9)

 

125

50 (40.0)

 

0.72 (0.43, 1.21)

0.21

  Pulse as main dish

136

7 (5.2)

 

125

11 (8.8)

 

0.62 (0.21, 1.86)

0.39

  Deep fried foods

136

5 (3.7)

 

125

5 (4.0)

 

0.81 (0.22, 3.04)

0.75

  Sugar-sweetened beverages

136

10 (7.4)

 

125

11 (8.8)

 

0.73 (0.29, 1.84)

0.50

  1. BMI body mass index, IQR inter-quartile range, MET metabolic equivalent, SD standard deviation
  2. aMultilevel linear regression for continuous outcomes and multilevel logistic regression for binary outcomes, with school as the cluster variable and adjustment for ethnicity and each outcome value at baseline