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Table 3 Associations of perceived neighbourhood characteristics with physical activity outcomes – main effects

From: Associations between the neighbourhood environment characteristics and physical activity in older adults with specific types of chronic conditions: the ALECS cross-sectional study

  

Non-walking PA

Within-neighbourhood walking for transport

Within-neighbourhood walking for recreation

Perceived neighbourhood characteristics

Model

Zero versus non-zero weekly minutes

Non-zero weekly minutes

Weekly frequency

Weekly minutes

Zero versus non-zero weekly frequency

Non-zero weekly frequency

No versus non-zero weekly minutes

Non-zero weekly minutes

  

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

eb (95 % CI)

p-value

eb (95 % CI)

p-value

eb (95 % CI)

p-value

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

eb (95 % CI)

p-value

OR (95 % CI)

p-value

eb (95 % CI)

p-value

Access of destinations

 Land use mix – diversity

SEV

1.195

(0.988, 1.445)

0.067

0.999

(0.886, 1.125)

0.983

1.219***

(1.14, 1.334)

<0.001

1.118*

(1.017, 1.231)

0.022

1.066

(0.878, 1.296)

0.518

1.037

(0.960, 1.119)

0.355

1.062

(0.879, 1.286)

0.214

0.999

(0.896, 1.114)

0.980

 Land use mix - access to  services

SEV

0.999

(0.779, 1.281)

0.995

1.150*

(1.016, 1.301)

0.027

1.369***

(1.220, 1.536)

<0.001

1.384***

(1.206, 1.588)

<0.001

1.350*

(1.033, 1.765)

0.028

1.060

(0.934, 1.204)

0.362

1.326*

(1.017, 1.729)

0.037

0.991

(0.829, 1.185)

0.920

 

MEV

-

-

1.159*

(1.018, 1.319)

0.026

1.304***

(1.151, 1.477)

<0.001

-

-

-

-

 Proximity of public transport

SEV

1.070

(0.919, 1.249)

0.382

1.012

(0.940, 1.090)

0.751

0.963

(0.900, 1.030)

0.274

1.013

(0.918, 1.20)

0.785

1.043

(0.887, 1.228)

0.613

1.051*

(1.001, 1.093)

0.013

1.047

(0.890, 1.132)

0.574

1.100*

(1.019, 1.188)

0.015

 

MEV

-

-

-

-

-

1.050*

(1.000, 1.104)

0.050

-

1.118**

(1.039, 1.204)

0.003

 Proximity of recreational  facilities

SEV

1.231*

(1.019, 1.486)

0.031

1.077

(0.979, 1.185)

0.129

1.102**

(1.028, 1.182)

0.006

1.091*

(1.003, 1.187)

0.042

1.116

(0.963, 1.299)

0.144

0.973

(0.915, 1.035)

0.398

1.115

(0.963, 1.292)

0.145

0.962

(0.871, 1.060)

0.434

 

MEV

1.249*

(1.035, 1.508)

0.021

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Accessibility & pedestrian infrastructure

 Street connectivity

SEV

1.125

(0.912, 1.383)

0.272

0.873*

(0.767, 0.994)

0.041

1.250***

(1.125, 1.388)

<0.001

1.174*

(1.031, 1.337)

0.015

1.129

(0.895, 1.422)

0.306

0.990

(0.902, 1.087)

0.831

1.120

(0.888, 1.412)

0.338

1.070

(0.964, 1.187)

0.198

 

MEV

-

-

1.104*

(1.010, 1.232)

0.046

-

-

-

-

-

 Pedestrian infrastructure

SEV

0.914

(0.965, 1.189)

0.501

1.190*

(1.014, 1.395)

0.033

1.314***

(1.150, 1.501)

<0.001

1.282***

(1.108, 1.481)

0.001

1.123

(0.884, 1.496)

0.427

1.070

(0.971, 1.178)

0.172

1.127

(0.854, 1.490)

0.398

1.029

(0.890, 1.190)

0.696

 

MEV

-

1.248**

(1.089, 1.431)

0.002

1.149*

(1.005, 1.315)

0.043

-

-

-

-

-

 Indoor places for walking

SEV

1.119

(0.949, 1.320)

0.182

0.900*

(0.819, 0.988)

0.027

1.082*

(1.014, 1.152)

0.017

1.106*

(1.021, 1.199)

0.014

1.131

(0.972, 1.317)

0.110

1.056*

(1.000, 1.117)

0.050

1.139*

(1.002, 1.293)

0.046

1.031

(0.959, 1.109)

0.410

 

MEV

-

-

-

-

-

1.056*

(1.001, 1.113)

0.042

-

-

 Physical barriers to walking

SEV

0.849

(0.647, 1.064)

0.155

1.162

(0.928, 1.455)

0.191

0.812***

(0.747, 0.883)

<0.001

0.830*

(0.718, 0.960)

0.012

0.983

(0.771, 1.252)

0.889

0.910*

(0.840, 0.986)

0.022

0.986

(0.775, 1.255)

0.909

0.894*

(0.803, 0.997)

0.044

 

MEV

-

-

0.863***

(0.792, 0.941)

<0.001

0.892*

(0.794, 0.999)

0.049

-

0.919*

(0.850, 0.995)

0.036

-

0.864*

(0.770, 0.970)

0.013

 Easy access of residential  entrance

SEV

1.153

(0.903, 1.470)

0.253

1.109

(0.977, 1.258)

0.111

1.050

(0.595, 1.150)

0.294

1.020

(0.926, 1.123)

0.683

1.150

(0.927, 1.426)

0.204

1.036

(0.957, 1.121)

0.384

1.148

(0.929, 1.422)

0.201

0.978

(0.872, 1.096)

0.696

 Bridge/overpass connecting  services

SEV

1.034

(0.875, 1.223)

0.696

0.994

(0.918, 1.077)

0.880

1.034

(0.988, 1.081)

0.147

1.039

(0.976, 1.107)

0.232

1.023

(0.882, 1.186)

0.764

1.026

(0.962, 1.094)

0.442

1.028

(0.891, 1.188)

0.704

1.018

(0.949, 1.092)

0.623

Density

 Dwelling density

SEV

0.999

(0.998, 1.000)

0.151

1.000

(0.999, 1.001)

0.644

1.003**

(1.001, 1.005)

0.004

1.000

(0.999, 1.001)

0.222

1.000

(0.999, 1.001)

1.000

(0.999, 1.000)

1.001

(0.999, 1.002)

0.159

1.000

(0.999, 1.000)

0.871

 Crowdedness

SEV

1.146

(0.921, 1.426)

0.222

0.795***

(0.704, 0.898)

<0.001

1.000

(0.918, 1.089)

0.998

0.970

(0.862, 1.092)

0.619

0.845

(0.687, 1.040)

0.111

1.065

(0.971, 1.168)

0.176

0.837*

(0.701, 0.999)

0.048

0.895*

(0.804, 0.997)

0.043

 

MEV

-

0.773***

(0.685, 0.873)

<0.001

-

-

-

-

-

0.872*

(0.782, 0.972)

0.013

Personal safety

 Presence of people

SEV

1.005

(0.772, 1.309)

0.969

0.896*

(0.803, 1.000)

0.049

1.257***

(1.139, 1.388)

<0.001

1.215***

(1.085, 1.361)

<0.001

1.441**

(1.146, 1.811)

0.002

1.036

(0.961, 1.116)

0.358

1.455***

(1.164, 1.822)

<0.001

1.078

(0.974, 1.191)

0.148

 

MEV

-

0.885*

(0.802, 0.976)

0.015

1.146*

(1.032, 1.273)

0.011

1.112*

(1.001, 1.235)

0.047

1.392**

(1.100, 1.761)

-

1.404**

(1.116, 1.765)

0.004

-

 Social disorder/littering

SEV

1.259

(0.991, 1.598)

0.059

0.994

(0.876, 1.128)

0.928

0.972

(0.897, 1.053)

0.486

0.956

(0.859, 1.064)

0.410

1.094

(0.868, 1.379)

0.443

1.054

(0.976, 1.140)

0.178

1.097

(0.874, 1.377)

0.424

1.048

(0.953, 1.151)

0.334

 Crime

SEV

0.718**

(0.564, 0.913)

0.007

1.010

(0.982, 1.229)

0.100

0.883**

(0.811, 0.960)

0.004

0.870*

(0.775, 0.976)

0.017

0.794*

(0.656, 0.959)

0.017

0.975

(0.906, 1.050)

0.502

0.792*

(0.657, 0.956)

0.015

0.929

(0.786, 1.098)

0.388

 

MEV

0.680**

(0.531, 0.873)

0.002

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Traffic safety

 Traffic and road hazards

SEV

0.950

(0.726, 1.242)

0.709

1.100

(0.930, 1.301)

0.267

0.913

(0.805, 1.036)

0.159

0.826

(0.711, 0.959)

0.012

0.806

(0.599, 1.083)

0.153

1.042

(0.900, 1.207)

0.584

0.820

(0.614, 1.094)

0.178

1.094

(0.947, 1.265)

0.219

 

MEV

-

-

-

0.860

(0.762, 0.971)

0.015

-

-

-

-

 Traffic speed

SEV

1.225

(0.931, 1.611)

0.147

1.112

(0.974, 1.269)

0.117

0.913

(0.821, 1.016)

0.095

0.967

(0.848, 1.102)

0.615

0.830

(0.634, 1.089)

0.178

0.952

(0.879, 1.032)

0.231

0.820

(0.651, 0.970)

0.048

0.890

(0.793, 1.021)

0.101

 

MEV

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.911*

(0.808, 0.994)

0.036

 Fence separating sidewalk  and traffic

SEV

0.934

(0.828, 1.053)

0.256

1.073

(0.973, 1.184)

0.155

1.025

(0.974, 1.080)

0.342

1.045

(0.976, 1.117)

0.203

0.904*

(0.816, 1.000)

0.049

1.054*

(1.006, 1.105)

0.029

0.913

(0.825, 1.010)

0.077

1.034

(0.972, 1.100)

0.290

Aesthetics

SEV

1.297*

(1.038, 1.620)

0.022

0.849**

(0.723, 0.958)

0.008

1.066

(0.956, 1.19)

0.253

1.097*

(1.000, 1.204)

0.050

1.061

(0.890, 1.264)

0.512

1.007

(0.936, 1.084)

0.845

1.069

(0.903, 1.265)

0.439

0.986

(0.896, 1.085)

0.777

 

MEV

1.349*

(1.147, 1.883)

0.011

0.857**

(0.761, 0.964)

0.010

-

-

-

-

-

-

Sitting facilities

SEV

1.072

(0.923, 1.245)

0.353

1.073*

(1.003, 1.133)

0.011

1.044

(0.988, 1.104)

0.125

1.081*

(1.006, 1.162)

0.033

1.166*

(1.024, 1.330)

0.020

1.007

(0.952, 1.065)

0.812

1.171*

(1.050, 1.331)

0.016

1.009

(0.943, 1.080)

0.794

 

MEV

-

1.079**

(1.020, 1.141)

0.008

-

-

1.137*

(1.004, 1.288)

0.044

-

1.140*

(1.018, 1.275)

0.023

-

  1. Notes: All models are adjusted for socio-demographics, type of recruitment centre, specific types of chronic conditions (visual impairment, hearing impairment, genitourinary diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases), and number of other medical conditions. OR, odds ratio; eb, antilogarithm of regression coefficient (denoting proportional difference in outcome associated with 1 unit difference in environmental correlate); CI, confidence intervals; PA, physical activity; SEV, single-environmental-variable (only single environmental variable entered in the model); MEV, multiple-environmental-variable (multiple significant environmental variables entered in the model); −, not applicable. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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