1 Year of Follow-up | 4 Years of Follow-up | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adherenceb | Low (n = 1925) | High (n = 2273) | Low (n = 978) | High (n = 1375) | ||
Demographic Characteristics c | % or mean (SD) | p-value | % or mean (SD) | p-value | ||
Women | 59.1 | 54.6 | 0.003 | 61.3 | 54.6 | 0.001 |
Age at Baseline (years) | 66.9 (6.1) | 66.9 (5.9) | 0.68 | 67.6 (6.2) | 66.8 (5.8) | 0.005 |
Educational level | ||||||
University | 7.5 | 8.8 | 5.6 | 8.7 | ||
Secondary school | 14.8 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 15.0 | ||
Primary school | 74.7 | 72.8 | 75.0 | 74.8 | ||
Less than primary school | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.06 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 0.001 |
Occupation | ||||||
Retired | 51.6 | 54.6 | 50.9 | 53.0 | ||
Working | 13.1 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 11.4 | ||
Housewife | 31.5 | 31.6 | 35.7 | 33.0 | ||
Unemployed/unable to work | 3.8 | 2.6 | 0.02 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 0.51 |
Marital Status | ||||||
Married | 75.9 | 78.9 | 75.6 | 78.9 | ||
Single | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 | ||
Widowed | 18.6 | 15.1 | 19.1 | 15.4 | ||
Divorced or separated | 1.8 | 2.2 | 0.22 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.12 |
Number of People in Household | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.4) | 0.89 | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.5) | 0.87 |
Health-Related Characteristics at Baseline | ||||||
Number of CVD Risk Factorsc | ||||||
0-1 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 10.1 | ||
2 | 27.1 | 31.5 | 28.6 | 33.0 | ||
3 | 39.1 | 38.7 | 37.5 | 37.6 | ||
4 | 21.9 | 17.7 | 21.2 | 16.2 | ||
5-6 | 6.1 | 4.5 | <0.001 | 6.0 | 3.1 | <0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | 51.5 | 44.3 | <0.001 | 53.1 | 44.6 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 82.2 | 81. | 0.60 | 82.2 | 80.2 | 0.21 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 70.8 | 73.3 | 0.06 | 66.5 | 69.5 | 0.12 |
Family history of premature CHD | 24.1 | 21.9 | 0.10 | 24.7 | 17.5 | <0.001 |
Depression | 18.1 | 16.2 | 0.10 | 17.9 | 14.8 | 0.04 |
Obesity | 49.0 | 42.8 | <0.001 | 47.4 | 42.7 | 0.02 |
SBP (mmHg) | 148.5 (20.7) | 149.7 (20.6) | 0.07 | 148.5 (20.6) | 150.5 (20.9) | 0.02 |
DBP (mmHg) | 82.9 (10.8) | 83.5 (11.1) | 0.09 | 83.3 (11.2) | 84.1 (10.9) | 0.10 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 101.2 (10.0) | 99.1 (10.6) | 0.004 | 100.8 (10.3) | 98.7 (10.0) | <0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-min/d)d | ||||||
T1 (low) | 36.1 | 27.7 | 36.7 | 24.7 | ||
T2 | 34.3 | 33.6 | 34.0 | 33.5 | ||
T3 (high) | 29.6 | 38.6 | <0.001 | 29.4 | 41.8 | <0.001 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 62.1 | 60.7 | 65.0 | 61.5 | ||
Former | 14.7 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 14.1 | ||
Current | 23.2 | 26.4 | <0.03 | 22.1 | 24.4 | 0.22 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day)e | ||||||
Q1 (low) | 27.3 | 21.4 | 24.6 | 19.9 | ||
Q2 | 24.5 | 25.1 | 24.2 | 22.9 | ||
Q3 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 23.7 | 27.0 | ||
Q4 (high) | 23.0 | 27.1 | <0.001 | 27.6 | 30.3 | 0.02 |
Alcohol other than wine (g/day) | ||||||
< 10 men, <5 women | 57.9 | 57.6 | 58.6 | 57.0 | ||
10-50 men, 5–10 women | 14.2 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | ||
> 50 men, > 10 women | 27.9 | 27.7 | 0.90 | 26.7 | 28.3 | 0.68 |
14-point adherence scoreb | 8.2 (1.8) | 9.3 (1.8) | <0.001 | 8.5 (2.0) | 9.3 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Intervention Design Features | ||||||
Intervention Group | ||||||
MedDiet + EVOO | 58.0 | 49.2 | 60.7 | 53.2 | ||
MedDiet + Nuts | 42.0 | 50.8 | <0.001 | 39.3 | 46.8 | <0.001 |
Total workload of center (person-years) f | ||||||
Q1 (low) | 34.4 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 23.3 | ||
Q2 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 41.3 | 33.0 | ||
Q3 | 22.7 | 32.2 | 19.9 | 12.2 | ||
Q4 (high) | 15.6 | 15.4 | <0.001 | 13.4 | 31.5 | <0.001 |