OR (95 % CI) for dietary adherence (≥11 vs. <11 points)b | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | n | Crude Model | p | Multivariate | p |
Sex | |||||
Men | 815 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Women | 1103 | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.49, 1.05) | 0.09 |
Age at baseline (years) | |||||
< 65 | 683 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
≥ 65 | 1235 | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.57 | 0.85 (0.65, 1.12) | 0.25 |
Educational level | |||||
University or higher | 146 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Secondary school | 294 | 0.59 (0.39, 0.89) | 0.01 | 0.71 (0.44, 1.14) | 0.15 |
Primary School | 1435 | 0.62 (0.44, 0.89) | 0.006 | 0.78 (0.52, 1.18) | 0.24 |
Less than primary school | 43 | 0.23 (0.09, 0.57) | 0.002 | 0.53 (0.19, 1.48) | 0.23 |
Occupation | |||||
Retired | 1017 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Working | 197 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.10) | 0.16 | 0.72 (0.47, 1.11) | 0.14 |
Housewife | 662 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 0.12 | 1.00 (0.72, 1.38) | 0.98 |
Unemployed/unable to work | 42 | 0.48 (0.22, 1.04) | 0.06 | 0.72 (0.30, 1.71) | 0.46 |
Marital Status | |||||
Married | 1484 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Single | 76 | 1.04 (0.64, 1.71) | 0.86 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.51) | 0.58 |
Widowed | 324 | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) | 0.07 | 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) | 0.50 |
Divorced or separated | 34 | 0.66 (0.29, 1.46) | 0.30 | 1.35 (0.54, 3.40) | 0.52 |
Number of people in household | 1918 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 0.31 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 0.76 |
Health-Related Characteristics at Baseline | |||||
Number of CVD Risk Factors c,d | |||||
0–1 | 171 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
2 | 595 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.75, 1.68) | ||
3 | 714 | 0.62 (0.44, 1.87) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.37) | ||
4 | 352 | 0.45 (0.30, 0.66) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.25) | ||
5–6 | 86 | 0.18 (0.08, 0.38) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.12, 0.63) | 0.003 |
Type 2 Diabetes | |||||
No | 993 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 925 | 0.63 (0.52, 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.56, 0.93) | 0.01 |
Hypertension | |||||
No | 367 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 1551 | 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) | 0.36 | 0.75 (0.56, 1.02) | 0.07 |
Hypercolesterolaemia | |||||
No | 604 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 1314 | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 0.75 | 1.12 (0.87, 1.44) | 0.39 |
Family history of premature CHD | |||||
No | 1537 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 381 | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) | 0.02 | 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) | 0.03 |
Depression | |||||
No | 1607 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 311 | 0.72 (0.55, 0.95) | 0.02 | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) | 0.02 |
Obesity | |||||
No | 1054 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Yes | 864 | 0.57 (0.47, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) | 0.23 |
SBP (per 5 mmHg) | 1918 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.004 | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.34 |
DBP (per 5 mmHg) | 1918 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 0.04 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.94 |
Waist circumference (per 5 cm) | 1918 | 0.82 (0.78, 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.88, 1.00) | 0.04 |
Physical activity (MET-min/d) c,e | |||||
T1 (low) | 552 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
T2 | 642 | 1.62 (1.24, 2.12) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.71) | ||
T3 (high) | 724 | 2.63 (2.04, 3.40) | <0.001 | 1.60 (0.18, 2.17) | 0.002 |
Smoking Status | |||||
Never | 1209 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Former | 251 | 1.04 (0.78, 1.41) | 0.75 | 0.75 (0.51, 1.11) | 0.15 |
Current | 458 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 0.51 | 0.82 (0.59, 1.14) | 0.25 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day) c,f | |||||
Q1 (low) | 405 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Q2 | 443 | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.40) | ||
Q3 | 499 | 1.37 (1.03, 1.82) | 1.19 (0.84, 1.65) | ||
Q4 (high) | 571 | 1.15 (0.87, 1.53) | 0.29 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) | 0.39 |
Alcohol other than wine (g/day) | |||||
< 10 men, <5 women | 1125 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
10-50 men, 5–10 women | 270 | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | 0.12 | 0.87 (0.61, 1.23) | 0.43 |
> 50 men, >10 women | 523 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.63 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) | 0.69 |
14-point adherence score a | |||||
< 11 | 1528 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
≥ 11 | 390 | 2.95 (2.34, 3.71) | <0.001 | 2.63 (2.02, 3.42) | <0.001 |
Study Design Features | |||||
Intervention Group | |||||
MedDiet + Nuts | 809 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
MedDiet + EVOO | 1109 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.53, 0.83) | <0.001 |
Total workload of center (person-years) e,g | |||||
Q1 (low) | 267 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Q2 | 809 | 0.54 (0.39, 0.74) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.80) | ||
Q3 | 311 | 0.45 (0.30, 0.67) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.80) | ||
Q4 (high) | 531 | 3.50 (2.55, 4.79) | <0.001 | 3.17 (2.22, 4.52) | <0.001 |