Variation in population levels of sedentary time in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: a systematic literature review within DEDIPAC

Verloigne, Maïté; Loyen, Anne; Van Hecke, Linde; Lakerveld, Jeroen; Hendriksen, Ingrid; De Bourdheaudhuij, Ilse; Deforche, Benedicte; Donnelly, Alan; Ekelund, Ulf; Brug, Johannes; van der Ploeg, Hidde P.

doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0395-5

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Study information and sample characteristics of the articles included in the systematic review

From: Variation in population levels of sedentary time in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: a systematic literature review within DEDIPAC

Publication	Study	Study design	Quality score (0-1)	Number of EU countries	Number of EU partici-pants	Demographics				Sedentary time assessment method	Reported sedentary time variable
Publication	Study	Study design	Quality score (0-1)	Number of EU countries	Number of EU partici-pants	Age range	Gender, girls	SES	Weight status	Sedentary time assessment method	Reported sedentary time variable
Biddle et al. (2009) ^a [ 22 ]	/	CS	0.91	3	623	13-18y	60.4 %	15.0 - 36.1 % low SES	n.r.	Ecological Momentary Assessment diary	min/weekday and min/weekend day technical sedentary behaviours, social sedentary behaviours
Soos et al. (2012) [23]	/	CS	0.83	2	635	13.1-18.0y	60.5 %	n.r.	n.r.	Ecological Momentary Assessment diary	min/day television viewing, doing homework, motorised transport, sitting and talking, computer use, reading, sitting doing nothing, videogames
Soos et al. (2014) [ 24 ]	/	CS	0.86	4	700	11.9-17.9y	57 %	n.r.	n.r.	Ecological Momentary Assessment diary	min/day television viewing, computer use, playing computer games, telephone use, motorised transport, sitting and talking, doing homework, reading
Cinar & Murtomaa (2008) ^a [ 25 ]	/	CS	0.77	2	619	10-12y	43.9 - 49.1 %	n.r.	18.7 kg/m²	Child questionnaire	% favorable: <2 h/day television viewing % unfavorable: >2 h/day television viewing
Hanewinkel et al. (2012) [ 26 ]	/	CS	0.95	6	16551	10-19y	49 %	10 % low SES	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/schoolday television viewing: % None, % less than 1 h, % 1–2 h, % 3–4 h, % >4 h
Börnhorst et al. (2015) [ 27 ]	COSI	CS	0.95	5	10453	6.0-9.9y	49.4 %	16.5 % par. Master’s degree or higher	26.9 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	h/day television time, computer time, screen-time
Brug et al. (2012) ^a [ 28 ]	ENERGY	CS	1.00	7	7234	10-12y	52 %	15.7-48.4 % low par. edu.	18.1 - 20.6 kg/m²	Child questionnaire	min/day screen-time, television viewing and computer use (FQ and 24 h-recall)
Brug et al. (2012)^a [29]	ENERGY	CS	0.91	7	7307	10-12y	52 %	29-59 % low par. edu.	19.0-19.5 kg/m²	Child questionnaire	min/day screen-time
Fernandez-Alvira et al. (2013) [30]	ENERGY	CS	0.95	7	5284	10-12y	54.3 %	32.5 % low par. edu.	20.4 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	min/day screen-time
van Stralen et al. (2014) [ 31 ]	ENERGY	CS	0.95	5	1025	10-12y	51 %	45 % low par. edu.	19.0 kg/m²	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/school-time sedentary time + percentage of total school-time spent in sedentary activities
Verloigne et al. (2012) [ 32 ]	ENERGY	CS	0.95	5	687	10-12y	53 %	n.r.	19.0 kg/m²	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day sedentary time
Yildirim et al. (2014) [33]	ENERGY	CS	0.95	5	722	10-12y	53 %	14 % not speaking native language at home	n.r.	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day sedentary time
Ekelund et al. (2004) [34]	EYHS	CS	1.00	4	1292	9-10y	50.6 %	n.r.	17.2 kg/m²	MTI ActiGraph accelerometer	% sedentary activity per day
Jago et al. (2008) [35]	EYHS	CS	0.95	4	2670	9y and 15y	51.1 %	n.r.	13.1 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	% <2 h, % ≥2 h television viewing after school % <1 h, % ≥1 h/day computer use
Nilsson et al. (2009) ^a [ 36 ]	EYHS	CS	1.00	4	1954	9y and 15y	47.9 – 63.2 %	n.r.	n.r.	MTI ActiGraph accelerometer	min/weekday, min/weekend day, min/school-time, min/leisure-time sedentary time
Ortega et al. (2013) ^a [ 37 ]	EYHS	LT cohort	0.91	2	503	15y and 18y	55.4-56.7 %	27.6-33.3 % mother university (baseline)	16.4 – 17.3 kg/m² (base-line)	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day, weekday and weekend day sedentary time
van Sluijs et al. (2008) ^a [ 38 ]	EYHS	CS	0.95	4	2107	9y and 15y	43.9-54.4 %	6.7-10.8 mean edu./income (3-16)	18.1-19.2 kg/m²	Child questionnaire	% >1 h television before school % >2 h television after school % >1 h/day computer use
Janssen et al. (2005) ^a [ 39 ]	HBSC 01/02	CS	0.95	29	128845	10-16y	47.1 - 53.3 %	n.r.	5.1 - 25.4 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	% high television viewing = >3 h/weekday % high computer use = >2 h/weekday
Kuntsche et al. (2006) [40]	HBSC 01/02	CS	0.91	5	19877	11y, 13y, 15y	52.6 %	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/weekday and h/weekend day television viewing
Richter et al. (2009)^a [41]	HBSC 01/02	CS	0.95	24	76794	13y, 15y	52.2 %	22.7-41.9 % low FAS	n.r.	Child questionnaire	% ≥ 4 h/day television viewing
Vereecken et al. (2006) [42]	HBSC 01/02	CS	0.91	28	148150	11y, 13y, 15y	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/day television viewing
HBSC report 2004^a [43]	HBSC 01/02	CS	0.73	28	146368	11y, 13y, 15y	51.5 %	27.6 % low FAS	7.1 – 12.1 % pre-obese	Child questionnaire	% ≥4 h/weekday and weekend day television viewing % ≥3 h/weekday and weekend day computer use % ≥3 h/weekday and weekend day homework
Haug et al. (2009) ^a [ 44 ]	HBSC 05/06	CS	1.00	34	187657	11y, 13y, 15y	49.3 %	n.r.	6.3 – 18.5 % pre-obese	Child questionnaire	% less than 2 h/day television viewing, computer games, computer use
Torsheim et al. (2010) [45]	HBSC 05/06	CS	0.91	5	31022 (all 6 countries)	11y, 13y, 15y	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/day of computer use, computer games, television viewing
HBSC report 2008^a [46]	HBSC 05/06	CS	0.68	35	188147	11y, 13y, 15y	50.7 %	2-70 % low FAS	13-14 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	% ≥2 h/weekday television viewing, computer use, computer games/game console
Nuutinen et al. (2015) [47]	HBSC 09/10	CS	1.00	3	5402	15y	53 %	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h:min/day computer use schooldays
HBSC report 2012^a [48]	HBSC 09/10	CS	0.68	35	178531	11y, 13y, 15y	51 %	2 %-42 % low FAS	10-18 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	% ≥ 2 h/weekday of television viewing
Bucksch et al. (2016) ^a [ 49 ]	HBSC 01/02, HBSC 05/06, HBSC 09/10	CS	0.82	24	443821 (total sample)	11y, 13y, 15y	51.2-51.4 %	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/weekday and weekend day television viewing, computer use
Bucksch et al. (2016) ^a [ 49 ]	HBSC 01/02, HBSC 05/06, HBSC 09/10	CS	0.82	24	443821 (total sample)	11y, 13y, 15y	(total sample)	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/weekday and weekend day television viewing, computer use
HBSC report 2016 ^a [ 50 ]	HBSC 13/14	CS	0.64	36	199316	11y, 13y, 15y	50.7 %	38-76 FAS score (0-100)	15 % over-weight	Child questionnaire	% ≥ 2 h/weekday of television viewing % ≥ 2 h/weekday of computer use ≥2 h/weekday of playing games
Atkin et al. (2014) ^a [ 51 ]	ICAD	Pooled data (CS and LT)	0.82	5	5474	8-17y	48.9-56.7 %	4.8-52.6 % mother university	9.4-24.0 % over-weight	Child or parental questionnaire	% ≥ 2/day screen time
Ekelund et al. (2012) ^a [ 52 ]	ICAD	Pooled data (CS and LT)	0.91	7	15614	4-18y	51.6 %	n.r.	19.1-19.4 kg/m²	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day sedentary time
Hildebrand et al. (2015) [53]	ICAD	Pooled data (CS and LT)	0.91	6	10367	6-18y	53 %	n.r.	15.9 % over-weight; 4.8 % obese	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day sedentary time
Hense et al. (2011) [ 54 ]	IDEFICS	CS	0.91	8	8542	2-9y	49.2 %	27.2 % low SES	20.2 % over-weight	Parental questionnaire	h/day screen-time. % not at all, % <0.5 h, % 0.5-1 h, % 1-2 h, % 2-3 h, % >3 h
Hunsberger et al. (2012)^a [55]	IDEFICS	CS	0.86	8	12720	2-9y	47.7-51.4 %	1.2 – 30.8 % low edu. household	7.7 – 41.9 % over-weight	Parental questionnaire	% <1 h/day screen-time
Kovàcs et al. (2015) [56]	IDEFICS	CS	0.95	16	16228	2-9.9y	49.1 %	10.7 % low edu. level	Mean BMI z-score: 0.33	Parental questionnaire	% <1 h/day screen-time (pre-schoolers) % <2 h/day screen-time (school children)
Mitchell et al. (2013) [ 57 ]	ISAAC	CS	0.86	6-7y: 6	6-7ys: 33901	6-7y and 13-14y	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/day television viewing: % < 1 h, % 1-3 h, % 3-5 h, % > 5 h
Mitchell et al. (2013) [ 57 ]	ISAAC	CS	0.86	13-14y: 7	13-14y: 61954	6-7y and 13-14y	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire
Katzmaryk et al. (2015)^a [58]	ISCOLE	CS	0.95	3	1664	9-11y	53.8-55.9 %	n.r.	17.7-19.5 kg/m²	ActiGraph accelerometer	min/day sedentary time
LeBlanc et al. (2015) ^a [ 59 ]	ISCOLE	CS	0.95	3	1496	9-11y	53.1-57.2 %	21.1-73.2 % high par. edu.	24.3-45.7 % over-weight	ActiGraph accelerometer and child questionnaire	h/day sedentary time h/day screen-time % ≥ 2 h/day of screen-time
Klepp et al. (2007) ^a [ 60 ]	Pro Children	CS	1.00	9	12773	8.8-13.8y	49.8 %	71.6 - 82.1 % not in social class I-II	n.r.	Child questionnaire	h/day television viewing
te Velde et al. (2007) [ 61 ]	Pro Children	CS	0.95	9	12538	8.8-13.8y	50.1 %	n.r.	n.r.	Child questionnaire	% <2 h/day television viewing % >1 h/day computer use
De Craemer et al. (2015) [ 62 ]	Toybox	CS	0.95	6	8117	3.5-5.5y	47 %	n.r.	n.r.	Parental questionnaire	min/weekday and weekend day television viewing, computer use, quiet play % <1 h/day screen-time weekday and weekend day
van Stralen et al. (2012) ^a [ 63 ]	ToyBox	Pooled data (CS)	0.91	5	6097	4-7y	47.4 - 52.0 %	n.r.	15.9 – 16.8 kg/m²	Parental questionnaire	h/day television viewing, % ≥ 2 h/day of television viewing, h/day screen-time, min/day sedentary time (sedentary play-time + screen-time)

COSI WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative, ENERGY EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth, EYHS European Youth Heart Study, HBSC Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, ICAD International Children’s Accelerometer Database, IDEFICS Identification and prevention of Dietary and lifestyle induced health Effects In Children and infantS, ISAAC International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, ISCOLE The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment, CS cross-sectional, LT longitudinal, n.r. not reported, SES socio-economic status, par. edu. parental education, inc. income, FAS Family Affluence Scale, FQ frequency question, ^aThese articles only presented stratified demographics, so the range is reported; articles in bold were included in Tables 2 and 3

Back to article page

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com