Table 2 Baseline characteristics in men n = 6175, NutriNet-Santé cohort, France

Age, y

59.4 ± 11.4 ^a

54.3 ± 13.8

51.0 ± 14.6

45.6 ± 15.0

<0.0001

56.0 ± 12.8

53.2 ± 14.1

51.6 ± 14.9

49.6 ± 15.9

<0.0001

50.4 ± 14.6

51.7 ± 14.6

53.4 ± 14.8

54.9 ± 14.2

<0.0001

BMI, kg/m²

24.2 ± 2.6

24.2 ± 2.5

24.3 ± 2.6

24.1 ± 2.7

0.22

24.3 ± 2.5

24.2 ± 2.6

24.2 ± 2.6

24.0 ± 2.6

0.02

23.8 ± 2.6

24.0 ± 2.6

24.3 ± 2.6

24.6 ± 2.6

<0.0001

Educational level, %

0.002

0.99

0.21

 Elementary school

4.2

2.8

3.0

2.7

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.5

2.4

2.8

4.0

 Secondary school

37.0

31.4

31.1

32.8

33.6

31.8

32.9

34.1

31.0

32.8

33.6

35.1

 College graduate

22.1

23.0

25.1

23.5

23.4

23.8

23.2

23.2

23.8

24.2

22.8

22.8

 Advanced degree

36.0

42.0

40.0

40.6

38.9

40.7

40.2

38.9

40.9

40.0

40.2

37.5

 Other

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.4

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.6

Alcohol consumption^b, %

0.18

0.001

<0.0001

 Abstainer and irregular consumer

30.6

26.9

28.8

29.3

28.3

26.9

27.0

33.4

38.2

29.7

24.8

22.8

 Moderate consumer

56.1

58.5

57.8

55.3

56.6

58.8

58.6

53.6

53.5

57.7

61.2

55.3

 Heavy drinker

13.3

14.6

13.4

15.4

15.1

14.3

14.4

13.0

8.3

12.6

14.0

21.9

Smoking status, %

<0.0001

 Never-smoker

37.1

40.9

43.5

48.4

36.4

41.1

43.4

49.0

50.9

42.8

42.6

33.5

 Former smoker

55.0

47.2

41.3

33.5

53.0

45.3

41.5

37.3

38.1

45.3

45.3

48.4

 Current smoker

7.9

11.9

15.2

18.1

10.6

13.6

15.1

13.7

11.0

11.9

12.1

18.1

Dieting to lose weight, %

0.38

0.59

 Never dieter

32.1

33.0

31.9

32.3

28.0

30.9

34.4

36.1

32.4

33.7

31.6

31.6

 Former dieter

61.5

61.1

63.6

62.1

64.3

63.7

61.2

59.0

62.7

60.3

62.8

62.4

 Current dieter

6.4

5.9

4.5

5.6

7.7

5.4

4.4

4.9

4.9

6.0

5.6

6.0

Physical activity, %

0.003

 Low

14.6

20.2

21.5

25.5

15.0

20.2

22.0

24.7

17.5

19.7

20.8

23.9

 Moderate

33.8

36.0

39.5

38.1

38.4

37.0

36.8

35.2

38.5

36.8

36.8

35.3

 High

51.6

43.8

39.0

36.4

46.6

42.8

41.2

40.1

44.0

43.5

42.4

40.8

Energy, kcal/day

2177.7 ± 511.5

2261.0 ± 523.2

2314.1 ± 532.3

2403.1 ± 572.8

<0.0001

2170.1 ± 500.4

2260.9 ± 526.7

2331.9 ± 542.1

2393.0 ± 569.5

<0.0001

2226.1 ± 536.6

2260.2 ± 513.7

2311.8 ± 513.7

2359.2 ± 571.2

<0.0001

Fruits

364.2 ± 230.2

307.1 ± 202.9

291.6 ± 193.8

268.5 ± 207.7

<0.0001

335.9 ± 222.4

312.5 ± 214.3

305.5 ± 204.2

277.4 ± 202.4

<0.0001

324.8 ± 226.8

308.6 ± 205.9

312.3 ± 208.9

285.5 ± 204.0

<0.0001

Meat

50.6 ± 49.2

60.5 ± 52.3

60.8 ± 51.0

60.2 ± 54.7

<0.0001

54.2 ± 50.1

57.3 ± 51.3

57.4 ± 50.7

63.1 ± 55.3

<0.0001

51.1 ± 49.9

54.8 ± 48.3

59.3 ± 50.4

67.0 ± 57.7

<0.0001

Processed meat

32.0 ± 36.3

36.0 ± 37.4

40.2 ± 37.8

46.9 ± 43.8

<0.0001

35.2 ± 37.7

38.1 ± 37.9

39.2 ± 40.0

42.6 ± 41.2

<0.0001

35.3 ± 38.7

36.2 ± 36.0

39.1 ± 36.9

44.5 ± 44.6

<0.0001

Milk and yogurts

167.6 ± 164.6

168.4 ± 161.8

170.4 ± 158.3

178.7 ± 166.3

0.21

170.4 ± 169.1

160.0 ± 155.5

168.7 ± 158.0

186.0 ± 167.3

0.0001

174.7 ± 161.5

175.6 ± 163.0

177.8 ± 163.5

156.8 ± 162.4

0.001

Cheese

42.5 ± 35.4

48.0 ± 34.8

48.7 ± 36.0

50.6 ± 39.6

<0.0001

44.9 ± 35.7

46.8 ± 35.8

49.8 ± 36.9

48.1 ± 37.7

0.002

44.8 ± 35.6

47.1 ± 36.4

48.3 ± 37.7

49.6 ± 36.4

0.003

Oil

10.7 ± 11.4

10.6 ± 10.5

9.4 ± 9.4

10.0 ± 10.2

0.002

10.4 ± 10.9

10.1 ± 10.3

10.5 ± 10.5

9.7 ± 9.9

0.16

10.1 ± 10.9

9.6 ± 9.6

10.6 ± 10.7

10.4 ± 10.4

0.05

Whole grain products

55.9 ± 76.0

40.3 ± 63.1

33.6 ± 53.9

31.4 ± 53.9

<0.0001

50.9 ± 72.5

42.3 ± 61.4

36.8 ± 60.0

31.1 ± 55.8

<0.0001

47.7 ± 72.1

41.6 ± 60.7

37.2 ± 59.7

34.6 ± 58.1

<0.0001

Sugar and sugary products

29.7 ± 29.4

32.0 ± 30.7

30.1 ± 30.1

28.0 ± 29.5

0.003

20.5 ± 25.3

28.4 ± 27.3

33.3 ± 30.3

37.6 ± 33.5

<0.0001

27.6 ± 29.5

30.7 ± 30.3

30.8 ± 28.3

30.8 ± 31.5

0.005

Fatty-sweet products

52.7 ± 57.4

70.8 ± 62.7

81.2 ± 70.8

92.8 ± 76.5

<0.0001

59.4 ± 62.2

70.1 ± 65.7

81.3 ± 72.3

86.5 ± 71.6

<0.0001

78.4 ± 73.6

75.4 ± 69.0

71.1 ± 64.5

72.5 ± 67.7

0.02

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

29.3 ± 79.9

39.1 ± 97.3

49.2 ± 132.5

75.1 ± 149.9

<0.0001

29.3 ± 80.6

37.9 ± 101.8

56.4 ± 124.3

69.1 ± 154.1

<0.0001

46.5 ± 106.4

45.6 ± 121.8

46.8 ± 109.4

54.0 ± 137.5

0.18

Artificially sweetened drinks

20.4 ± 107.0

28.4 ± 129.9

26.2 ± 114.8

37.1 ± 128.9

0.002

25.8 ± 115.2

29.1 ± 130.3

28.4 ± 116.0

28.9 ± 120.5

0.86

24.7 ± 111.2

25.5 ± 111.6

31.9 ± 126.0

30.1 ± 132.6

0.26