Quartiles of liking for fat | Quartiles of liking for sweet | Quartiles of liking for salt | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P * | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P | |
General characteristics | |||||||||||||||
Age, y | 53.9 ± 11.7 a | 48.6 ± 13.2 | 44.1 ± 13.4 | 40.9 ± 13.0 | <0.0001 | 51.3 ± 12.4 | 48.5 ± 13.0 | 45.6 ± 13.6 | 42.1 ± 14.0 | <0.0001 | 45.4 ± 14.0 | 47.5 ± 13.7 | 47.6 ± 13.4 | 47.0 ± 13.6 | <0.0001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 22.5 ± 2.9 | 22.5 ± 2.8 | 22.5 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | 22.4 ± 2.9 | 22.5 ± 2.8 | 22.6 ± 2.8 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 22.4 ± 2.9 | 22.5 ± 2.8 | 22.6 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 |
Educational level, % | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.66 | ||||||||||||
Elementary school | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | |||
Secondary school | 37.3 | 31.4 | 29.5 | 32.9 | 33.5 | 32.8 | 31.5 | 33.2 | 33.1 | 33.1 | 32.2 | 32.7 | |||
College graduate | 30.3 | 32.4 | 33.5 | 33.4 | 31.9 | 31.4 | 32.1 | 34.1 | 31.1 | 32.6 | 32.8 | 33.0 | |||
Advanced degree | 28.6 | 33.0 | 34.2 | 31.2 | 30.8 | 32.4 | 33.6 | 30.2 | 32.4 | 31.0 | 32.1 | 31.4 | |||
Other | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||
Alcohol consumptionb, % | 0.002 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Abstainer and irregular consumer | 54.7 | 51.5 | 51.4 | 54.6 | 51.7 | 50.8 | 51.9 | 57.7 | 61.1 | 55.0 | 49.4 | 46.6 | |||
Moderate drinker | 38.6 | 41.0 | 40.8 | 38.0 | 40.3 | 41.7 | 40.6 | 36.0 | 34.1 | 38.5 | 43.5 | 42.5 | |||
Heavy drinker | 6.7 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 10.9 | |||
Smoking status, % | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Never-smoker | 51.3 | 52.5 | 53.1 | 52.8 | 47.8 | 51.2 | 53.3 | 57.3 | 56.0 | 54.1 | 52.6 | 47.0 | |||
Former smoker | 38.0 | 34.5 | 31.6 | 28.6 | 38.4 | 35.1 | 31.7 | 27.6 | 31.6 | 33.2 | 33.3 | 34.6 | |||
Current smoker | 10.7 | 13.0 | 15.3 | 18.6 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 18.4 | |||
Dieting to lose weight, % | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Never dieter | 17.9 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 16.7 | 19.1 | 19.2 | 17.5 | 15.8 | 15.1 | |||
Former dieter | 70.6 | 72.3 | 71.9 | 69.6 | 70.4 | 72.6 | 71.6 | 69.8 | 69.0 | 71.2 | 73.1 | 71.1 | |||
Current dieter | 11.5 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 13.8 | |||
Physical activity, % | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Low | 15.6 | 22.6 | 26.0 | 31.4 | 19.8 | 21.8 | 24.5 | 29.6 | 21.5 | 21.8 | 24.8 | 27.5 | |||
Moderate | 41.8 | 44.8 | 47.0 | 44.0 | 42.9 | 44.4 | 45.8 | 44.4 | 43.5 | 45.7 | 44.8 | 43.5 | |||
High | 42.6 | 32.6 | 27.0 | 24.6 | 37.3 | 33.8 | 29.7 | 26.0 | 35.0 | 32.5 | 30.4 | 29.0 | |||
Energy, kcal/day | 1696.8 ± 397.4 | 1765.5 ± 397.3 | 1816.2 ± 414.7 | 1877.4 ± 448.8 | <0.0001 | 1697.3 ± 397.3 | 1764.0 ± 409.5 | 1826.7 ± 417.6 | 1868.0 ± 436.2 | <0.0001 | 1733.8 ± 412.3 | 1772.6 ± 411.3 | 1805.2 ± 411.5 | 1844.8 ± 437.6 | <0.0001 |
Food group consumption, g/day | |||||||||||||||
Fruits | 312.4 ± 191.1 | 276.3 ± 173.1 | 255.1 ± 167.0 | 226.0 ± 165.8 | <0.0001 | 287.7 ± 191.2 | 272.6 ± 172.6 | 264.4 ± 173.1 | 245.1 ± 169.1 | <0.0001 | 273.8 ± 185.7 | 270.8 ± 173.1 | 268.9 ± 174.6 | 256.3 ± 175.0 | <0.0001 |
Meat | 36.5 ± 38.7 | 40.1 ± 40.9 | 42.2 ± 40.5 | 44.5 ± 42.3 | <0.0001 | 39.9 ± 41.3 | 39.6 ± 39.2 | 41.3 ± 41.0 | 42.5 ± 41.3 | 0.002 | 37.7 ± 39.9 | 40.1 ± 39.5 | 41.4 ± 40.1 | 44.0 ± 42.9 | <0.0001 |
Processed meat | 23.1 ± 26.8 | 27.8 ± 28.9 | 30.8 ± 30.8 | 33.2 ± 32.5 | <0.0001 | 26.6 ± 29.4 | 28.1 ± 29.2 | 29.8 ± 30.8 | 30.6 ± 30.6 | <0.0001 | 26.6 ± 29.6 | 27.5 ± 29.3 | 29.1 ± 28.9 | 31.8 ± 32.0 | <0.0001 |
Milk and yogurts | 165.7 ± 157.3 | 167.3 ± 151.3 | 168.6 ± 152.4 | 173.3 ± 159.2 | 0.10 | 168.8 ± 157.4 | 164.5 ± 149.7 | 166.1 ± 149.2 | 175.5 ± 163.4 | 0.004 | 175.1 ± 161.3 | 170.5 ± 155.3 | 167.3 ± 149.8 | 162.0 ± 153.3 | 0.0005 |
Cheese | 31.1 ± 26.7 | 34.0 ± 27.7 | 35.6 ± 28.1 | 36.3 ± 29.1 | <0.0001 | 32.7 ± 28.4 | 34.3 ± 27.5 | 34.9 ± 27.8 | 35.0 ± 28.1 | 0.0002 | 32.9 ± 27.6 | 34.3 ± 28.3 | 34.1 ± 27.1 | 35.6 ± 28.9 | <0.0001 |
Oil | 9.6 ± 10.0 | 9.0 ± 9.4 | 8.7 ± 8.8 | 8.7 ± 8.6 | <0.0001 | 9.1 ± 9.4 | 9.1 ± 9.6 | 9.0 ± 9.0 | 8.8 ± 8.8 | 0.30 | 8.3 ± 9.2 | 8.8 ± 8.8 | 9.3 ± 9.3 | 9.5 ± 9.6 | <0.0001 |
Whole grain products | 45.3 ± 55.1 | 34.9 ± 45.3 | 30.5 ± 42.1 | 26.2 ± 40.7 | <0.0001 | 40.8 ± 50.9 | 36.8 ± 48.4 | 32.0 ± 43.6 | 27.4 ± 42.3 | <0.0001 | 38.9 ± 51.9 | 35.8 ± 48.3 | 33.0 ± 43.9 | 29.2 ± 41.4 | <0.0001 |
Sugar and sugary products | 22.4 ± 24.7 | 22.4 ± 23.2 | 21.8 ± 23.2 | 20.7 ± 23.0 | 0.001 | 15.6 ± 20.2 | 21.3 ± 23.2 | 23.5 ± 22.9 | 27.0 ± 26.1 | <0.0001 | 20.1 ± 24.0 | 21.9 ± 22.4 | 23.1 ± 23.5 | 22.4 ± 24.1 | <0.0001 |
Fatty-sweet products | 48.9 ± 52.9 | 63.1 ± 56.2 | 73.3 ± 60.1 | 84.8 ± 68.2 | <0.0001 | 53.3 ± 56.1 | 63.1 ± 58.1 | 72.18 ± 60.6 | 81.6 ± 65.4 | <0.0001 | 66.9 ± 63.7 | 66.9 ± 60.6 | 66.1 ± 57.6 | 70.2 ± 62.1 | 0.006 |
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks | 19.3 ± 56.4 | 28.2 ± 69.4 | 40.9 ± 95.2 | 54.6 ± 113.4 | <0.0001 | 21.2 ± 66.8 | 26.1 ± 69.5 | 38.6 ± 88.1 | 57.0 ± 113.1 | <0.0001 | 34.3 ± 84.0 | 33.4 ± 81.1 | 34.2 ± 81.4 | 40.9 ± 101.5 | <0.0001 |
Artificially sweetened drinks | 32.1 ± 136.8 | 36.0 ± 130.1 | 41.7 ± 134.3 | 47.0 ± 144.3 | <0.0001 | 39.2 ± 154.3 | 36.6 ± 124.1 | 39.3 ± 133.7 | 41.6 ± 132.4 | 0.38 | 37.0 ± 135.3 | 37.8 ± 136.9 | 36.6 ± 131.0 | 45.8 ± 142.8 | 0.002 |